Microbial diversity of anodic biofilm in bioelectrochemical systems with hemp rod carbonized at 1 000 and 1 800℃ as anode was investigated using Solexa high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that a total of 4 231 and 5 263 optimized 16 S rRNA gene sequences were gained from the electrode biofilm on the hemp rod carbonized at 1 000 and 1 800℃,respectively. At the level of 97% similarity,1 187 and 1 338 OTUs were obtained for electrode biofilm carbonized at 1 000 and 1 800℃,respectively. Th...