【摘要】 生物质资源的开发利用是解决资源危机和能源危机的重要途径,但传统的生物质组分分离工艺效率较低且污染严重,极大地制约了生物质资源的高值化利用。作为一类新型溶剂,离子液体可以溶解纤维素、木质素和天然生物质材料,为生物质的组分分离及加工转化提供了有力的工具。本文简述了离子液体在生物质组分分离中的应用,包括离子液体作为溶剂直接从木质纤维素类生物质中提取分离纤维素和木质素,以及在离子液体介质中通过化学反应降解生物质来分离主要组分的方法。从离子液体优选、反应路径设计、生物质预处理、溶解条件和再生剂等方面分析了生物质组分分离工艺。成本高、效率低且容易引起二次污染是阻碍离子液体用于生物质组分分离的主要因素。为了提高生物质组分分离的经济性和绿色性,今后应着力设计低成本、低黏度、热稳定性强和低毒的离子液体,研发绿色高效的生物质组分分离工艺和离子液体再生方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 As one of the most abundant renewable resources on the earth, the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass is a promising solution to the resource and energy crisis. However,traditional methods for fractionating biomass have many disadvantages,including low efficiency and high pollution,seriously hindering the conversion of biomass into value-added products. This article gives an overview of the applications of ionic liquids in the fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass,including the separation of cellulose and lignin from biomass using ionic liquids as solvents and the fractionation of biomass through chemical reaction in the media of ionic liquids. The extraction of cellulose and lignin are analyzed from the point of ionic liquid selection,reaction route optimization,biomass pretreatment, dissolution conditions and anti-solvents. The commercial application of fractionation of biomass using ionic liquids is still constrained by the high cost,low efficiency,and secondary pollution. In order to improve the economy and greenness of biomass fractionation,it’s very important to design novel ionic liquids with low cost,reduced viscosity,high thermal stability,low toxicity,and commercially viable regeneration methods and to develop environmentally friendly and more efficient biomass fractionation processes.更多还原