【摘要】 目的了解儿童骨密度状况,探讨影响儿童骨密度的相关因素。方法 2014年6~12月期间采用定量超声法测定358例儿童左胫骨中段骨密度,设计调查问卷,查询相关系统保健档案,调查影响因素。结果骨密度减低检出率女童[20.48%(34/166)]高于男童[18.23%(35/192)],不同性别儿童骨密度减低率比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);骨密度减低检出率以0~1岁37.97%(30/79)较高,不同年龄儿童骨密度减低检出率比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);发育迟缓[27.58%(8/29)]、发育过快[26.67%(4/15)]儿童骨密度减低检出率高于正常儿童[18.15%(34/314)],不同身高组儿童骨密度减低检出率比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);营养不良、肥胖以及正常组体重儿童骨密度减低检出率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);静多动少儿童骨密度减低检出率为25.00%(26/114),动多静少儿童检出率为10.71%(9/84),不同活动水平儿童骨密度减低检出率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);户外活动多(≥2 h/d)儿童骨密度减低检出率为10.54%(27/256),户外运动少(<2 h/d)儿童检出率为40.38%(42/102),不同户外活动儿童检出率比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);孕周小于37周早产儿、出生体重偏低儿童骨密度减低检出率高,早产儿与足月儿骨密度减低检出率比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01),出生体重偏低、偏高与正常儿童骨密度减低检出率比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);不同胎次、产次以及产式儿童骨密度减低检出率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论儿童骨密度受性别、年龄、身高、活动水平、户外活动、孕周以及出生体重等影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To examine the status of the bone mineral density(BMD) of children and explore the related factors that influence BMD. Methods From June 2014 to December 2014, the left tibia BMD of 358 children was measured by quantitative ultrasound. The questionnaire was designed, and the system of health archives was queried to explore the influence factors of BMD. Results The incidence of reduced BMD in girls [20.48%(34/166)] was significantly higher than in that in boys [18.23%(35/192)], P<0.01. The incidence of reduced BMD in children aged 0~1 year37.97%(30/79) was the highest, showing statistically significant difference between different age groups(P<0.01). The incidence of reduced BMD in children of growth retardation [27.58%(8/29)] and those of fast growth [26.67%(4/15)]was significantly higher than that in normal children [18.15%(34/314)], with statistically significant difference between different height groups(P<0.01). The incidence showed no statistically significant difference between different weight groups(P>0.05). The incidence of reduced BMD was 25.00%(26/114) in quiet children and 10.71%(9/84) in active children, with statistically significant difference(P<0.05). The incidence in children with outdoor activities(≥2 h/d) was10.54%(27/256), significantly lower than 40.38%(42/102) in children with less outdoor activities(<2 h/d), P<0.01.There was also statistically significant difference between premature children and full-term children, as well as between low-birth-weight children, high-birth-weight children and normal-birth-weight children(P<0.01), with the incidence higher in premature children and low-birth-weight children. The incidence of reduced BMD showed no statistically significant difference between different birth orders, para and presentations(P>0.05). Conclusion BMD of children is affected by gender, age, height, activity level, outdoor activities, gestational age and birth weight.更多还原