【摘要】 本文测算了我国微观出口企业的实际出口退税额,通过引入四种形式的政治联系度变量,控制企业特征变量和地区控制变量,研究了企业政治联系与企业实际出口退税率的关系。基本模型估计结果表明:政治联系在地方政府分配退税资源时发挥重要作用,政治联系越强,平均出口退税率越高。国有资本比重影响不显著,就业、产出、赋税对于企业出口退税率显著正向影响。进一步通过分样本回归检验发现,制度环境、经济发展阶段,政治联系对企业出口退税率的高低均会产生差异性影响。本文的研究结果意味着,实际层面的出口退税政策并不是一个"中性"的政策,基于政治联系的出口退税政策同样会扭曲整个社会稀缺资源的有效配置,降低社会整体福利水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper measures the actual rates of export tax rebates of companies and examines the relationship between these rates and the companies’ political connections. We introduce four types of political connection variables related to a company’s characteristics and location. The basic results show that political connections play an important role in the local government’s allocation of tax rebates: the stronger the company’s political connections, the higher the average export tax rebate rate. The proportion of State-owned capital in the company has no significant effect, while employment, output, and tax have significant positive effects on its actual rate of export tax rebates. The sub-sample estimates indicate that the effects of a company’s political connections on its actual rate of export tax rebates differ with its institutional environment and stage of development. Our study indicates that export tax rebate policy is not neutral in operation; an export tax rebate policy based on political connections will also distort the efficient allocation of scarce resources in society, reducing the overall level of social welfare.更多还原