【摘要】 以宁夏南部黄土丘陵区、土石山区退耕坡地、宜林荒山为试验区,以植被恢复效果为依据,研究了几种技术措施在宁夏南部地区的适用性。结果证明,与任垦任牧相比,自然封禁或人工造林3年后,植物种类分别增加13个、4.75个,增加百分比达到76%~126.8%;植被盖度增加49.8%~14.9%;基质(下垫面)有机质、全量养分、速效养分、0~20cm土层粉粒百分比分别较对照提高8.2g/kg、0.79g/kg、5.8mg/kg、6.54%;减流56.9%~91.5%,减沙61.3%~94.7%;自然封禁区草被盖度、高度、单位面积鲜草产量、干草产量分别增加14.9%、16.5%、38.1%、38.3%;人工造林区辽东栎树高、胸径、单株材积年平均增长量分别为88.3%、87.9%、89%。可见,自然封禁和人工造林都是宁南植被恢复的好方法,两种措施相对比,人工造林区>自然封禁区,退耕坡地>宜林荒山地;建议在有条件的地区尽量多采用人工造林方法,并尽可能选用辽东栎作为乔层树种。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are problems of vegetation destruction,ecological environment deterioration and serious soil erosion in Southern Ningxia. Researching the effects of revegetation ways in sloping fields and barren hills in the typical landform areas of Southern Ningxia can provide a scientific decision basis for the recover of vegetation.Taking sloping fields and barren hills suitable for afforestation in loess hills and rocky mountains as the object and haphazard cultivation as the control,with Field Large Region Comparison,we studied the effects of the natural closure and artificial afforestation. Results show that: 1) after three years ’ application of the two revegetation methods,the plant species increased 13 and 4. 75,respectively,which was a 76% ~ 126. 8% increase,and the coverage of vegetation increased 49. 8% ~ 14. 9%. 2) Compared with the control,the percentage of organic matter,total nutrient,available nutrient and 0 ~ 20 cm soil particles in matrix( underlying the surface) increased8. 2g / kg,0. 79 g / kg,5. 8mg / kg and 6. 54% respectively,and the increase amplitude all follow the following rules- artificial afforestation area > natural closure area,sloping fields > barren hills. 3) The amounts of flow and sand decreased by 56. 9% ~ 91. 5% and 61. 3% ~ 94. 7%,respectively. 4) The grass’ coverage,height and fresh yield per unit area in natural closure area increased 14. 9%,16. 5%,38. 1% and 38. 3%,respectively,and the annual average increment of Liaodong oak trees’ height,diameter at breast height( DBH) and individual volume increased 88. 3%,87. 9% and 89% respectively. Therefore,natural closure and artificial afforestation are both good ways to restore the vegetation in Southern Ningxia. It was suggested that the method of artificial afforestation should be utilized as much as possible in similar areas if condition permitted,and Liaodong oak trees should be selected as possible for tree species.更多还原