【摘要】 白花野牡丹兼具观赏性和药用价值,极具开发潜力。为更好地保护和利用该物种,对白花野牡丹的开花进程、花部形态特征及访花昆虫进行观察,运用花粉萌发、杂交指数、花粉-胚珠比及人工授粉试验等方法测定其繁育系统。结果显示:白花野牡丹的单花花期约为12 h;白花野牡丹为雌雄异熟,柱头先花药成熟;雄蕊异型,2类雄蕊产生的花粉粒极轴长有差别,萌发率也不同;领木蜂、东亚无垫蜂、蓝彩带蜂、彩带蜂是白花野牡丹的主要传粉者;杂交指数(OCI)为4,花粉-胚珠比(P/O)约为417.6~1035.2;在自然条件下白花野牡丹不能自花授粉,繁殖需要传粉者参与,没有无融合生殖,自交亲和与异交亲和;白花野牡丹的繁育系统为自交亲和的异花授粉植物,需要传粉者。繁育系统为兼性异交。更多还原

【Abstract】 The purpose of the study was to provide theoretical bases for protection and sustainable use of the plant,and accumulate data for the study of reproductive biology of the Melastoma genus. Field observation was applied in determining flower dynamics,morphology,visiting insects,out-crossing index,and pollen-ovule ratio; Pollen germination and artificial pollination experiments were conducted to determine pollen germination rate and fruit setting rate. The opening of a single flower lasted for around 12 h. The flower was dichogamous,protogynous,and heteranthery. Pollen from different stamen types had different sizes and germination rates. Major pollinators were bees of Xylocopa collaris Lepeletier,Amegilla( Zonamegilla) parhypate Lieftinck,Nomia( Acunomia) chalybeata Smith,and Nomia sp. Outcrossing index was 4,and pollen-ovule ratio 417. 6 ~ 1035. 2. Artificial pollination experiments showed that the plant was not self-pollinated,and was selfing and outcrossing compatible,not of apomixes. Pollinator is essential. Flower of the plant is self-compatible,cross-pollinated and required pollinators. The breeding system is mainly outcrossing but selfing possible.更多还原