【摘要】 收集玉米、水稻和小麦秸秆模拟露天燃烧排放的颗粒物,分析样品中碳质组分、水溶性离子（共9种）和无机元素（共17种）,研究其排放因子及特征比值。结果表明:秸秆燃烧OC的排放因子远高于EC,二者范围分别为169¹ 707和91³00 mg/kg。总水溶性离子排放因子范围为162⁸40 mg/kg。K⁺、Na⁺、NH₄⁺和Cl^-是水溶性离子的主要组分,占水溶性离子总排放因子的80%⁹2%。K、Ca、P和Mg 4种生长元素排放因子之和占秸秆燃烧排放颗粒物中无机元素的98%⁹9%。Zn、Pb、Cu为秸秆燃烧排放颗粒物中排放因子较高的重金属元素,这些重金属对人体健康的影响不可忽视。此外,研究发现OC/EC可以用来区分秸秆燃烧与香烟燃烧、重型柴油车和草类燃烧源,K⁺/OC可以用来区分秸秆燃烧与居民燃木取暖,K/Ca可以用来区分秸秆燃烧与交通污染源。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fresh smokes from the burning of three straws（corn,rice and wheat）were collected from laboratory simulation of open burning. Carbonaceous species,water soluble species and 17 elements were analyzed. The emission factors of OC were higher than EC from three straw burning smoke,which ranged from 169¹ 707 mg/kg,while EC ranged from 91³00mg/kg. Total emission factors of water-soluble species ranged from 162⁸40 mg/kg. The emission factors of K⁺,Na⁺,NH₄⁺and Cl^-were the main components in water-soluble species from straw burning smoke. The sum contribution of these four components to total ions ranged from 80%⁹2%. The ratio of essential elements for plant growth（K,Ca,P and Mg）to the total concentrations of element ranged from 98% ⁹9%. Zn,Pb and Cu were relatively higher in straw burning smoke emissions,the impacts of these heavy metals on human health and environment was critical for their high toxicity. The ratio of OC/EC could distinguish straw burning from cigarette burning,oil burning from heavy duty diesel vehicle and grass burning. The K+/OC could distinguish straw burning from wood combustion and the ratio of K/Ca was useful to identify straw burning from traffic emission.更多还原