【摘要】 目的探讨宜昌市流感的流行病学特征,为科学防控流感大流行提供依据。方法对2011—2015年宜昌市流感监测数据和病原学检测结果进行描述和统计分析。结果 2011—2015年度流感监测哨点医院共报告流感样病例(influenza-like illness,ILI)34 064例,其就诊人数占门诊总病例数的2.24%。其中2014年以25~岁年龄组和15~岁年龄组为主,其他各年份都以0~岁年龄组和25~岁年龄组为主,60岁以上组为历年比例最小。共采集检测ILI病例鼻咽拭子标本4 627份,分离流感毒株433株,毒株分离阳性率为9.36%,以季节性H3N2型(181株,41.80%)和甲型H1N1型(129株,29.79%)为主,其次为乙型Yamagata(68株,15.70%)和Victoria(56株,12.93%)。各年度流行优势株不同,2011年以Victoria为主,伴随新甲流和季节性H3N2,2012和2013年以新甲流为主,伴随Victoria和季节性H3N2,2014年转为季节性H3N2为主,伴随Yamagata和新甲流,2015年同时流行Yamagata和季节性H3N2型。2011和2015年各报告1起流感爆发疫情,其余3年每年均有3~4起流感爆发疫情,小学是最主要的报告单位,其次有2起是戒毒所和看守所,一起是家庭聚集性疫情。结论 2011—2015年宜昌市ILI就诊比例逐年增长且呈线性趋势,5年平均增长率为16.56%。ILI人群主要以5岁以下儿童和25~59岁年龄段为主,流感病毒流行型别主要为季节性H3N2、新甲流和乙型,季节性H1N1完全消失被新甲流代替,每2年左右更换优势型别,上一季的优势毒株流行趋势逐渐减弱,在下一季被另一种型别毒株取代。中小学是流感爆发疫情的主要报告单位,其次是看守所或戒毒所。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the epidemiologic features of influenza in Yichang City,and provide the basis for prevention and control of influenza pandemic.Methods To carry out statistical and descriptive analysis of influenza surveillance data and etiology in Yichang City in 2011 to 2015.Results Sentinel hospitals reported 34 064 ILI cases in 2011-2015,it was 2.24% of the total outpatients.In 2014,the majority was 25 ~ and 15 ~ year group,while in the 0 ~ and 25 ~ year grou Pwas the majority,and the over 60 year old grou Pwas of the smallest percentage in this period.Totally 4 627 nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected and 433 flu strains were isolated,strains isolation positive rate was 9.36%.The strains were mainly seasonal H3N2(41.80%),influenza A(H1N1) strain(29.79%),influenza B type of Yamagata(15.70%) and Victoria(12.93%).The dominant strains were different in different years.It was mainly Victoria,along with influenza A(H1N1) and the seasonal H3N2 in 2011,and influenza A(H1N1) along with Victoria and seasonal H3N2 in 2012 and 2013.Seasonal H3N2 in 2014,along with Yamagata and influenza A(H1N1),both Yamagata and seasonal H3N2 were the dominant strains in 2015.It reported an influenza outbreak in 2011 and 2015,and 3 ~ 4 flu outbreaks every year during the remaining three years,primary school was the main reporting unit,the second was the drug rehabilitation center and detention center,with two outbreaks,and the last case was a family gathered epidemic.Conclusions From2011 to 2015,the ILI percentage was growing and showed a linear trend,the average growth rate of the five years was 16.56% in Yichang City.ILI was mainly in children under 5 years of age and 25 ~ 59 age,influenza virus type was mainly seasonal H3N2,influenza A(H1N1) and B type,seasonal H1N1 disappeared completely,and replaced by influenza A(H1N1).The replacement of the advantage type occurred every two years.The dominant strain of the last quarter gradually weakened,and was replaced by another type.Most influenza outbreaks were reported by primary and middle schools,the rest was by detention centers or drug rehabilitation centers.更多还原