【摘要】 近几年小型无人飞行器(small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles,简称sUAV)相关技术的快速发展,正在不断对许多行业产生积极重要的影响。无人机低空摄影测绘以其较低的成本,较高的灵活性、机动性、时效性和高分辨率的输出结果等特点,受到了土地、水文、资源和环境等领域研究者的青睐,同样也受到活动构造界的强烈关注。本文系统介绍了小型无人机低空摄影测绘的原理与方法,并在海原断裂景泰县骟马沟进行了试验,通过三维结构的运动重建技术(SfM)进行影像数据处理,得到高精度点云数据,并通过进一步处理获得了分辨率达0.1m/pixel甚至更高的高清断错地貌正射影像(DOM)、数字高程模型(DEM)以及精细的地貌三维模型。将此数据结果与LiDAR数据进行对比分析,结果表明无人机摄影测绘技术用于活动构造研究中具有巨大潜力和广阔的前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 High resolution topography data,available easily from small unmanned aerial vehicles(sUAV) at present,plays an important role in tectonic geomorphology and active tectonics studies.Tectonic geomorphology is an interdiscipline combining geomorphology with tectonics,and is applied in the active tectonics widely as a powerful tool.The difficulty in the acquisition of terrain data and data’s low resolution,however,limit this application.This paper illustrates the restrictions of conventional research methods,e.g.large cost,much time consume,poor efficiency,low resolution and bad traffic.In recent years,the small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(sUAV) and relevant technologies have gotten fast developed,and are influencing more and more industry areas profoundly.The photogrammetry with sUAV has being favored and admired by researchers in the fields of land survey,hydrology,resources and environment,due to its less cost,higher flexibility,effectiveness and the high resolution of its output data.This paper explains the main principle of the sUAV photogrammetry technology and its major work steps in detail.The workflow in practical survey include images capture,lens correction of obtained images,images matching,points cloud extraction,and the generation of Digital Elevation Model(DEM),3-D model and ortho-image.We tested this technology at Shanmagou site(37.07636°N,103.86209°E),the east end of Laohushan-Maomaoshan segment of the Haiyuan fault.The Jingtai earthquake with M_S6.8~7.0 in 1888 ruptured this site and formed 1.5meters high scarp.Other researchers scanned the Haiyuan fault(including Shanmagou site) with aerial LiDAR in2011,and generated DEM with resolution about 1m.In our test,Structure from Motion(SfM) technology was used to process the aerial images of Shanmagou captured by the high resolution camera on the sUAV,gave high density point cloud.Then DOM,DEM,and fine 3-D terrain model of faulted surface with resolution higher than O.lm/pixel was generated at last.We compare the results to LiDAR data,it turns out that the sUAV photogrammetry has more obvious advantages in high resolution and precision topographic data acquisition than aerial LiDAR for 10 s km semi-arid regions with rare vegetation,which shows higher work efficiency,resolution and good accuracy.We also have conducted fine 3-D terrain model to reflect faulted geomorphologic features realistically.According to the model,the precise trace,strike-slip offset and fault scarp of the active faults are recognized clearly.As a conclusion,sUAV photogrammetry as a powerful survey method,has shown huge potential value on quantitative research of active tectonics.更多还原