Objective To investigate the synergistic effect of vascular endothelial growth factor( VEGF) and transforming growth factor-β1( TGF-β1) on osteogenic differentiation of rabbit bone marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells( BMSCs) and its possible mechanisms. Methods Cells were divided into 4groups,i. e. control,adeno-associated virus( AAV)-VEGF group,AAV-TGF-β1 group and VEGF + TGF-β1group. The bone marrow was extracted from rabbit femoral trochanter by puncturing and BMSCs were isolated.Primary-cultured BMSCs ...