【摘要】 大量研究表明,石油、天然气等能源开采过程中的高压注水活动可以诱发有感、甚至破环性地震.本文首先调研了注水诱发地震研究的历史,并回顾了注水诱发地震研究中常用方法,进而对国内外三个典型注水诱发地震案例进行具体介绍.最后对注水诱发地震研究进行展望,认为丰富的观测资料,包括密集流动台阵的注水地震活动观测、注水活动规律、区域地质构造背景等,是注水诱发地震研究的基础;地震学、大地测量学、地质学以及地下水等学科联合研究是注水诱发地震研究的发展趋势.高压注水诱发地震的研究目的为,通过诱发地震的检测与研究,试图探索适当的注水速率过程,从而在不显著影响生产效率的同时,降低引发破坏性的地震灾害.更多还原

【Abstract】 Recently,it has been demonstrated that injections of high pressure fluids into underground formations are capable of inducing significant earthquakes with the ongoing exploitation of petroleum and gas from the subsurface. We first review the history of injection-induced earthquakes and summarize the methods which are usually used in this field. Then,we elaborate on three typical cases of injection-induced earthquakes. Finally, we discuss the perspective of studies of induced seismicity. Adequate observation datasets,including monitoring injection seismicity based on dense seismic network,regional geological structural setting and data of fluid injection,are essential to study induced earthquakes. It can be expected that injection-induced earthquakes will be studied in an interdisciplinary approach involving seismology,geodesy,geology and hydrogeology. In addition,we should monitor and understand the seismic activity with wastewater injection and build an appropriate injection management in the process of energy exploitation so as to achieve the goal of safe production.更多还原