【摘要】 目的研究上腔静脉的属支锁骨下静脉和颈内静脉解剖学位置及体表数据,为临床穿刺、置管等操作提供体表定位方法。方法在大体标本上解剖颈根部及胸腔上部,测量锁骨下静脉和颈内静脉及其与相关解剖标志、标线的距离数据,确定它们的体表投影。结果左右锁骨下静脉长度为(43.00±4.54)mm和(40.52±5.92)mm,其弧顶体表投影为锁骨上缘距同侧胸锁关节(46.11±11.46)mm和(48.97±8.47)mm位置平行正中线向下(4.67±4.28)mm和(4.58±4.11)mm处。左右静内静脉长(99.68±15.64)mm和(97.74±24.01)mm,直径(11.55±3.18)mm和(13.26±2.54)mm;左右静脉角体表投影为锁骨上缘距同侧胸锁关节(26.63±3.32)mm和(24.59±4.12)mm位置平行正中线向下(6.03±4.34)mm和(10.83±3.67)mm处;经左右静脉角与同侧下颌角连线,并与前正中线平行线向外夹角8.10±5.15°和7.23±4.63°,宽(11.55±3.18)mm和(13.26±2.54)mm的区域即为颈内静脉体表投影。结论通过对锁骨下静脉和颈内静脉解剖测量,可以确定它们的体表投影,并为临床操作提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective Researching the anatomical locations and the surface data of the branches- Subclavian vein and internal jugular vein of the superior vena cava. Providing the methods of surface locating for some clinical operations such as puncturing,cathetering and so on. Methods Dissecting the root of the neck and the upper of thoracic cavity on the gross specimens,measuring the distances from the subclavian vein and internal jugular vein to their related anatomic landmarks and marking,and Defining their Surface projections. Results The Length of the Left and the right of subclavian vein is( 43. 00 ± 4. 54) mm and( 40. 52 ±5. 92) mm respectively,and their arc surface projection locations are on Supraclavicular edge apart from( 46. 11 ± 11. 46) mm and( 48. 97 ± 8. 47) mm to the Sternoclavicular joints of the same side,paralleling midline down to( 4. 67 ± 4. 28) mm and( 4. 58 ± 4. 11) mm. The length of the left and the right of internal jugular vein is( 99. 68 ± 15. 64) mm and( 97. 74 ± 24. 01) mm respectively,their diameters are( 11. 55 ±3. 18) mm and( 13. 26 ± 2. 54) mm respectively; the surface projection positions of the left and the right venous angle are on the supraclavicular edge apart from( 26. 63 ± 3. 32) mm and( 24. 59 ± 4. 12) mm to the Sternoclavicular joints of the same side,paralleling midline down to( 6. 03 ± 4. 34) mm and( 10. 83 ± 3. 67)mm respectively,connecting the mandibular angle of the same side through the left and the right venous angles. And outward clip 8. 10 ± 5. 15°and 7. 23 ± 4. 63°with the anterior midline parallel lines,it is the area of the internal jugular vein’s surface projection with( 11. 55 ± 3. 18) mm and( 13. 26 ± 2. 54) mm widths.Conclusion The surface projections of the subclavian vein and the internal jugular vein can be measured by the means of anatomical measurement,providing the references for clinical operations.更多还原