【摘要】 外来入侵植物已经对东北草地造成严重的经济损失和生态破坏。通过野外调查、查阅植物标本信息和文献资料,确定东北草地外来入侵植物共38种,隶属于12科35属。东北草地外来入侵植物主要集中在菊科、禾本科、茄科、豆科和苋科这5个科中,其植物种数占东北草地外来入侵植物总种数的81.58%,成为外来植物入侵东北草地的主力军。种植地、草地、路边和水边是东北草地外来入侵植物的主要生境。从入侵途径看,有意引入和无意引入东北草地的植物种数大体相等。建议从重点类群防治、主要生境防治、切断入侵途径和采取科学防治措施等方面控制东北草地外来入侵植物的蔓延。东北草地外来入侵植物现状与东北地区、全国外来入侵植物现状有很大的相似性,其防治策略具有参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Alien invasive plants in Northeast China grasslands have posed serious threats to economies and ecosystems.Thirty-eight alien invasive plants were identified in Northeast China grasslands based on field surveys,herbarium information,and literature reviews.They belonged to 35 genera of 12 families.Alien invasive plants were mainly those belonging to Compositae,Gramineae,Solanaceae,Amaranthaceae,and Leguminosae.These five families included the main alien invasive species in Northeast China grasslands,accounting for81.58% of total invasive plants.Farmland,grasslands,roadsides,and watersides were the main habitats of alien invasive plants in Northeast China grasslands.Based on analysis of invasion pathways,the number of alien invasive plants by intentional introduction was nearly equal to the number by unintentional introduction.In light of the situation regarding alien invasive plants in this area,control strategies were postulated,including controlling alien invasive plants of key families,controlling alien invasive plants in main habitats,cutting off invasion pathways,and adopting scientific control measures.Because the situation of alien invasive plants is very similar in Northeast China and China as a whole,the control strategies can be used throughout China.更多还原