【摘要】 在通用土壤流失方程的基础上,提出了土壤侵蚀系数和土壤保持系数的概念和计算方法,用其对南水北调中线工程水源区土壤侵蚀状况及生态效益进行了测评,结果表明:(1)自然条件影响下,研究区潜在土壤侵蚀量大且空间分布差异显著,中高山区远大于河谷盆地区。(2)研究区实际土壤侵蚀量较小,但土壤侵蚀系数较大且空间分布规律性强。人类水土保持措施与土地利用方式对土壤侵蚀贡献率高,低山丘陵区土壤侵蚀系数最大,局部可达0.6,中高山及盆地区相对较小。(3)中高山区水土保持效益略有增加;河谷盆地及低山丘陵区明显减小。(4)低山丘陵区应成为今后水土保护工作的重点监控和治理区,也是应重点考虑的生态补偿区。更多还原

【Abstract】 The soil erosion and ecological benefits in the water source region of middle route of South-to-North water transfer project were evaluated by using soil erosion coefficient and soil conservation coefficient based on USLE. The results show as follows.(1) The potential amount of soil erosion in the study area was large, and showed significant difference in spatial distribution. It was larger in the middle and high mountain region than that in the valley basin region.(2) The actual amount of soil erosion was lesser. However, the soil erosion coefficient was large with the obvious spatial distribution regularity. It was the largest in low mountain area and hilly region, and was relatively smaller in the middle and high mountain region and the valley basin region. Soil and water conservation measures and land use patterns have the high contribution to soil erosion.(3) The benefit of soil and water conservation was increased in the middle and high mountain regions, but was obviously decreased in the valley basin region, low mountain area and hilly regions.(4) The low mountain area and hilly regions should be the key monitoring and control area in the future soil and water conservation, and it should be the key ecological compensation area also.更多还原