Temperature was used as a tracer to capture the hypothetic flow. Based on the equation of one-dimensional steady-state water and heat transport in saturated porous medium,seepage velocities were estimated using time series thermal data. The application conditions and ranges,and the sensitivity to thermal properties of this method were analyzed. The vertical temperature at different depths in the riparian zone of the lower reach of Xin'an River,in Zhejiang Province,were monitored,and the changes in phase and...