【摘要】 掌握山西省冰雹天气的气候变化特征,能为该区域灾害性天气的预报预测提供参考依据,有利于科学地指导工农业生产,达到趋利避害的目的。基于1960—2010年山西省71个国家观测站的冰雹资料,通过求线性趋势、滑动t检验、小波分析等气候统计方法,对山西省冰雹天气的时间和空间变化特征进行详细分析。结果表明:山西冰雹总日数分布呈东部多、北部多、西南部少的格局;1960—2010年71站冰雹总日数变化总体呈下降趋势,无明显的周期性和突变性。山西大部分站点年冰雹日数呈下降趋势,夏季6—8月是冰雹的高发期,约占全年冰雹的67%。各月冰雹日数的空间分布特征不尽相同。五台山是冰雹极易发生区,山区冰雹日数月际变化量明显大于盆地。一天中93%以上的冰雹开始在11—20时,结束在11—20时。99.6%的冰雹持续时长不超过1 h;80.6%的小时内冰雹持续不足10 min。更多还原

【Abstract】 To master climatic characteristic of hail weather variations in Shanxi Province can provide referenceresources for meteorological forecast and industrial and agricultural production. The author carried out thestudy by using observations of 71 stations in Shanxi Province from 1960 to 2010 based on statistics methods,such as liner trend, slide test and wavelet analysis. The results showed that hail days were more in the northand in the east, fewer in the southwest. The total hail days observed by 71 stations presented a declining trendfrom 1960 to 2010 without remarkable periodicity and mutability. The annual hail days at most stations had adeclining trend. Hail mainly occurred from June to August in summer, which accounted for 67% of the totalnumber of hail in a year. The spatial distribution characteristics of monthly hail days were different. Hailemerged mostly at Wutaishan station. Monthly hail day variation was larger in the mountain areas than in thebasin areas. The daily variation trend of the beginning and the ending of hail was similar to parabola. Theirhigh time were both mainly concentrated in 11:00-20:00 and accounted for 93%. Hail lasting for less than anhour accounted for 99.6%. In an hour, hail lasting for less than 10 min accounted for 80.6%.更多还原