【摘要】 微生物农药分为活体微生物和农用抗生素2类,属于生物农药,在果树病虫害生物防治中的应用越来越广泛。依据微生物农药的特性,对微生物农药的利与弊进行分析,微生物农药具有选择性强、安全性高、产品改良空间大等优点,同时也具有药性慢、易受到环境因素干扰、控制有害生物的范围较窄等需要注意和改进的方面。从生态有机农业的立场,对微生物杀虫剂、微生物杀菌剂和微生物除草剂在果树生产中的应用进行阐述。从产学研一体化的角度,对微生物农药制剂在研究、开发和推广过程中存在的一些问题进行分析,微生物农药成果转化率低、产品良莠不齐、评价体系不健全,在以后的研究中,应加强微生物菌株筛选和商品化开发研究,建立健全微生物农药研究、开发、生产和推广体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Microbial pesticides belong to bio-pesticides and can be divided into two categories: livingmicroorganisms and agricultural antibiotics.Microbial pesticides are more widely used in biological control offruit pests and diseases.From a dialectical point of view,the pros and cons of microbial pesticides are analyzedaccording to the characteristics of microbial pesticides.Microbial pesticides have many advantages,such asbeing safe to non-target organisms,stable controlling effects,having wonderful environmental compatibilityand wide resources,etc.There are other aspects of microbial pesticides that we should note and improve,suchas slow medicinal effects,being vulnerable to environmental factors and the narrow range of pest control,etc.From the point of ecological organic agriculture,applications of microbial germicides,microbial insecticidesand microbial herbicides are elaborated in detail.From the perspective of the integration of research,teachingand production,some problems in the process of microbial pesticides research,development and promotion areanalyzed,including low transformation rate of research,mixed product quality,imperfect evaluation system ofthe products.In future studies,we should strengthen the screening research and commercialization of microbialstrains,establish and improve the development,production and marketing system of microbial pesticide.更多还原