Objective To explore gene sequence characteristics of rNDA-ITS2 in different populations of Culex pipiens pallens from Shandong province and analyze the genetic variation of these mosquitoes.Methods Adult-female mosquitoeswere collected from different cities: Jinan, Jining, Qingdao, Liaocheng, Linyi, Zibo from Shandong and a sample from Nanjing. The pyrethroid-resistant and dichlorvos-resistant strains were reared in the laboratory. Single mosquito genomic DNA was extracted from Cx. pipiens pallens of these...