【摘要】 煤与瓦斯突出是地应力、瓦斯作用下,瓦斯携带煤块向自由面冲出的过程,该过程的参数变化反映了煤与瓦斯突出变化的规律。由于煤炭开采的周期来压作用和含煤地层力学性质的各向异性,含煤地层中不同区域的瓦斯集中程度不同。这些高压瓦斯加剧了煤体破裂,形成的裂隙也为瓦斯的宣泄创造了通道。一旦有距离合适的自由面,瓦斯就会冲破阻力,携带大量煤块向自由面急剧冲出,形成煤与瓦斯突出。此过程与"霰弹"发射相似,因此采用"霰弹"模型描述。结合瓦斯突出的动力学过程与数值计算结果分析发现,要避免煤与瓦斯突出,阻止"霰弹"发射,提出了防治瓦斯突出的措施:破坏"炮弹",即改变煤体块度,尽量降低煤块颗粒直径;破坏"枪筒",利用爆破制造煤与瓦斯突出区域的排出通道,降低瓦斯密集度;阻止扣动"扳机",利用爆破方法改变煤与瓦斯突出倾向区域的地应力传递。更多还原

【Abstract】 Caused by ground stress and gas interaction,the coal-gas outburst makes the coal block rush to the free surface.The parameters in this process reflect the variation rule in coal-gas outburst.Due to the cycle pressure of mining and mechanical anisotropy in coal strata,different gas concentration occurred in different position.These high pressure gases exacerbate the coal body cracking and the formed gaps provide passage for gas release.Once a suitable distance between the gas zone and free surface is reached,the gas will break through the resistance and take the coal briquettes to free surface forming outburst.This process can be described by a model of"grapeshot".Combining the dynamic analysis and numerical results,we find that to avoid outburst and its corresponding"grapeshot",following measures should be taken:destroy the"bullet",i.e.break coal briquette into small sizes;ruin the"gun barrel",create coal-gas passage through blasting and decrease the gas concentration;stop "trigger",change the stress transmission route by nearby blasting.All these measures are practically valuable and instructive to real production.更多还原