【摘要】 供给激励"和"需求干预"是公共政策的两种基本途径。前者通过激励机构提供服务,后者则通过影响个人的选择行为而提高服务效率。美国联邦政府在上世纪50年代面对公众不断上涨的学前教育需求,在供给激励屡次失败后,采取政策妥协态度,以干预家庭需求的方式,进行了多种政策工具的创新。本文综述了这段历史,并对其中的政策工具进行了解释,得出两个主要的结论:(1)善良的愿望并不能自动达到高效地满足公众对学前教育的需求,过于简单的实施战略,会带来低效率的弊病,并产生意想不到的负面效果;(2)尊重实施过程中的问题,努力进行政策工具的创新和开放,学会妥协以实现多种政策目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 Supply-side incentives and demand-side incentives are basic approaches in public policy. The former aims to motivate institutions to provide services for individuals, while the later targets at improving effi ciency of public services by behaviour intervention of individuals. In the case of Federal Government of United States in last 50 s,in order to meet Early Childhood Education needs of whole society, the Federal Government attempted to take supply-side policies at fi rst. However, it failed in cradle. So the Federal Government had to make a compromise to implement demand-side policy by developing various policy instruments. By reviewing this case and explaining the effectiveness of these policy instruments, this article got two important conclusions: Firstly, complicated problems have no simple answers. The multiple social needs of Early Childhood Education services cannot be satisfi ed by a single strategy. Secondly, making a compromise and innovating effective policy instruments during the policy process might be the right way to develop Early Childhood Education in China.更多还原