【摘要】 目的了解长沙市1⁷岁儿童扩大国家免疫规划（NIP）疫苗接种情况。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法抽取全市18个乡（镇、街道）、54个村共653名儿童,入户调查适龄儿童扩大NIP疫苗的接种情况。结果各疫苗基础免疫接种率为:卡介苗（BCG）99.4%;3剂乙型肝炎疫苗(Hep B_1-3)97.7%,Hep B1及时90.5%;3剂脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗(OPV_1-3)98.8%;3剂百日咳-白喉-破伤风联合疫苗(DTP_1-397.2%,首剂含麻疹成分疫苗（MCV₁）98.6%,MCV₁及时58.7%,首剂A群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗（MPV-A₁）94.0%,MPV-A₂ 86.6%,首剂乙型脑炎疫苗（JEV₁）94.6%,甲型肝炎疫苗（Hep A）89.9%。各疫苗复种或加强免疫接种率分别为:DTP₄89.5%,MCV₂91.9%,JEV₂81.8%,OPV₄78.5%,首剂A群C群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗（MPV-AC₁）81.6%,MPV-AC₂35.7%,儿童白喉-破伤风联合疫苗（DT）35.7%。流动儿童的JEV₁、Hep A、MPV-A₂、DTP₄和七苗全程的接种率均低于常住儿童。所有调查儿童的OPV、DTP、JEV疫苗基础免疫接种率均高于加强免疫接种率。结论长沙市扩大NIP疫苗基础免疫接种率>90%,但复种或加强免疫接种率、流动儿童的疫苗接种率相对较低,需采取针对性措施,着力提高重点人群和重点疫苗的接种率。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To identify the immunization status of vaccines in national immunization program（ NIP） among children aged 1 7 years in Changsha city. Methods Multistage random cluster sampling was used in the survey. A total of 653 children aged 1-7 years were selected from 54 villages in 18 townships. Results The primary immunization coverage rates of NIP vaccines were: Bacille Calmette-Guerin Vaccine（ BCG） 99. 4%,3-dose hepatitis B vaccine( Hep A_1-3) 97. 7%,timely Hep B190. 5%,3-dose oral poliomyelitis attenuated live vaccine( OPV_1-3) 98. 8%,3-dose diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis combined vaccine( DTP_1-3) 97. 2%,first-dose measles-containing vaccine（ MCV₁） 98. 6%,timely MCV₁58. 7%,firstdose group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine（ MPV-A₁） 94. 0%,MPV-A₂86. 6%,first-dose Japanese encephalitis vaccine（ JEV₁） 94. 6%,and hepatitis A vaccine（ Hep A） 89. 9%. The booster immunization coverage rates for some vaccines were: DTP₄89. 5%,MCV₂91. 9%,JEV₁81. 8%,OPV₄78. 5%,MPV-AC₁81. 6%,MPV-AC₂35. 7%,and diphtheria-tetanus combined vaccine for children（ DT） 35. 7%.The coverage rates of JEV₁,Hep A,MPV-A₂,DTP₄ and 7 full-immunization vaccines in migrant children were lower than that in local children. The primary immunization coverage rates of OPV,DTP and JEV were higher than the booster. Conclusion The primary immunization coverage rate for each NIP vaccine was higher than 90%,but the booster immunization coverage rates and most of immunization coverage rates among migrant children were relatively low. Corresponding measures should be taken to improve the immunization coverage rates among priority children and in priority areas.更多还原