【摘要】 利用2010²013年逐时霾、能见度和空气质量监测数据,分析了深圳霾天气的变化特征、霾与空气质量和气象条件的关系.结果表明:深圳市霾日数总体呈现增多增强趋势,2009年开始明显下降;霾日数呈"V"型月变化:即秋冬季多、春夏季少,秋冬季多发持续时间长、影响严重的霾过程,春夏季多发持续时间短的霾过程;霾常伴有污染发生（35%）,污染以轻度污染为主;霾时首要污染物PM_2.5最多、其次O₃,这说明PM_2.5是造成深圳霾的主因,且深圳光化学污染严重.霾时PM_2.5、PM₁₀和O₃季节变化明显,冬春季首要污染物以PM_2.5为主（75%以上）,夏秋季O₃和PM_2.5为主;分析还发现,风、相对湿度与霾密切相关,风速越弱,湿度越大,越利于霾出现和发展约80%的中重度霾出现在风速<2m/s,相对湿度70%⁹0%的情况下.更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the Meticulous observational data of hourly haze,visibility and air quality monitoring of Shenzhen during 2010²013,Seasonal variations of haze,the relationships of the meteorological conditions and air quality to haze were analyzed in order to provide the basis for issuing haze warning and forecast more pointedly.The results suggested that the annual haze days of Shenzhen presented an increasing trend overall and the phase change of a down trend since2009.The monthly variations of haze days showed "V" type,which implied the haze occurred mainly in autumn and winter rather than in spring and summer.There were more long duration and serious haze processes in autumn and winter but short duration ones in spring and summer.The haze was often accompanied by mainly mild air pollution（35%）.PM_2.5was the primary pollutant followed by O₃,which indicated that PM_2.5 was the main cause of haze weather and photochemical pollution was also serious in Shenzhen.There was significant variation of PM_2.5,PM₁₀ and O₃ with the seasons.The primary pollutants changed with the seasons that PM_2.5 was the main pollutant（above75%） in winter and spring,but O₃ and PM_2.5 were in summer and autumn.The wind and relative humidity were the important influencing factors of haze.The 80%of moderate and severe haze occurred under the wind speed <2m/s and relative humidity70%⁹0%,which suggested the weaker wind speed and the greater humidity were conductive to the emergence and development of haze.更多还原