【摘要】 目的:了解长春市小学生晕厥发病率及临床特点。方法:对长春市3所全日制小学发放调查问卷,对于发生过晕厥的学生进一步电话咨询家长,并行直立试验。结果:1 780例小学生中发生过晕厥者98例(5.51%),女孩较男孩多见。晕厥前有诱因者83例(84.69%),主要是持久站立52例(62.65%),环境闷热24例(28.92%),体位改变22例(26.51%),精神紧张9例(10.84%)。有晕厥前兆者79例(80.61%),主要是视物模糊或眼前发黑72例(91.14%),头晕66例(83.54%),面色苍白49例(62.03%),出冷汗42例(53.16%)。83例(84.69%)曾到医院就诊,其中3例(3.61%)诊断为心源性晕厥,1例(1.20%)诊断为脑源性晕厥,38例(45.78%)诊断为血管迷走性晕厥,17例(20.48%)诊断为体位性心动过速,2例(2.41%)诊断为体位性低血压,22例(26.51%)未明确晕厥原因。直立试验阳性42例(42.86%),其中血管迷走性晕厥21例(50.00%)、体位性心动过速19例(45.24%)、体位性低血压2例(4.76%)。结论:晕厥发作前常有诱因和前兆。晕厥原因主要是血管迷走性晕厥和体位性心动过速,直立试验可用于初步诊断。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: To understand the incidence rate and clinical features of syncope in primary school students in Changchun. Methods: Questionnaires were issued to the primary school students in 3 full- time primary schools in Changchun,the parents whose children had the history of syncope were consulted on telephone,head- up test was performed. Results: Among 1 780 primary school students,98 students( 5. 51%) had the history of syncope,and most of them were girls. Before syncope,83 students( 84. 69%) had causes,including standing for a longtime( 52 students,62. 65%),hot circumstance( 24 students,28. 92%),change of body position( 22 students,26. 51%),emotional distress( 9 students,10. 84%); 79 students( 80. 61%) had omens of syncope,including blurred vision or nigrescent vision( 72 students,91. 14%),dizziness( 66 students,83. 54%),pale complexion( 49 students,62. 03%),cold sweat( 42 students,53. 16%); 83 students( 84. 69%) had visited the hospital,3 students( 3. 61%) were diagnosed as cardiac syncope,1 student( 1. 20%) was diagnosed as neurological syncope,38 students( 45. 78%) were diagnosed as vasovagal syncope,17 students( 20. 48%)were diagnosed as postural orthostatic tachycardia,2 students( 2. 41%) were diagnosed as orthostatic hypotension,22 students( 26. 51%)were uncertain; head- up test was performed among 42 students( 42. 86%),including 21 students( 50. 00%) with vasovagal syncope,19students( 45. 24%) with postural orthostatic tachycardia and 2 students( 4. 76%) with orthostatic hypotension. Conclusion: Before onset of syncope,there are causes and omens; the main causes of syncope are vasovagal syncope and postural orthostatic tachycardia,head- up test can be used for primary diagnosis.更多还原