【摘要】 目的分析抗菌药物药品不良反应(ADR)的特点和规律,促进临床合理、安全用药。方法回顾性分析医院2012年至2013年呈报国家药品不良反应监测中心的抗菌药物ADR报告206例,根据患者性别、年龄,抗菌药物种类、剂型、给药途径,ADR临床表现、等级及转归情况、关联性等进行统计、分析。结果 206例抗菌药物ADR中,ADR多发生于10岁以下儿童(22.33%)和70岁以上老人(16.02%);涉及药物以头孢菌素类为主(40.29%),其次为喹诺酮类(22.33%);常见系统损害主要为皮肤及其附件,占66.02%;ADR多在用药1 d内发生,占69.42%;采取主要的干预措施有停药并对症治疗(47.57%)、停药并激素治疗(20.87%);经干预和处理后,ADR转归较好,治愈率达59.71%,好转率达39.32%。结论临床应用抗菌药物时,应严格遵照指导原则和相关规定的要求,加强对其ADR的监测,以保证安全合理用药。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the characteristics and rule of adverse drug reactions( ADR) induced by antibacterial drugs to promote rational and safe drug use in clinic. Methods Totally 206 cases of ADR reports induced by antibacterial drugs that were submitted to the National ADR Monitoring Center from 2010 to 2013 were retrospectively analyzed in the aspects of gender,age,drug varieties,administration route,ADR clinical manifestations,grade,outcomes,relevance,etc. Results Among 206 cases of antibacterial- induced ADR,the patients were mainly children of less than 10 years old( 22. 33%) and elderly of more than 70 years old( 16. 02%); the involved antibacterial drugs were dominated by cephalosporins( 40. 29%),followed by quinolones( 22. 33%); the common systematic lesions were mainly skin and its appendants( 66. 02%); ADR generally occurred within 1 d after medication( 69. 42%); the adopted intervention measures mainly included the drug withdrawal and symptomatic treatment( 47. 57%),and drug withdrawal and hormones treatment( 20. 87%); the ADR outcome was better after intervention and treatment,the cure and improvement reached 59. 71% and 39. 32% respectively. Conclusion Clinical use of antibacterial drugs should strictly obey the requirements of the guidance and relative regulation. The antibacterial- induced ADR monitoring should be strengthened to ensure safe and rational drug use.更多还原