【摘要】 对中国白头鹤圈养种群的统计学和遗传学结果进行了相关分析,并对种群数量、年龄结构、性比情况、基因多样性、近交系数以及未来100 a种群的发展趋势进行了重点研究。结果表明:截止到2013年12月31日,中国圈养白头鹤种群共有存活个体76只,分别饲养于15家单位,其中建立者的数量为16只,潜在建立者的数量为41只。圈养白头鹤种群中育龄个体充足,但幼龄个体数量不足,种群年龄结构不是很合理。白头鹤种群保留了野生个体92.9%的基因多样性,平均近亲系数为0,是一个没有任何近亲繁殖的优质种群。通过分析发现,虽然白头鹤圈养种群的数量呈逐年递增的趋势,但多数都是野外救助的个体,圈养出生数近10 a没有明显的增加。根据现状分析结果,建议将潜在建立者集中饲养在几家技术能力比较强的单位,解决饲养中的配对等繁殖难题,完善个体标识和完成性别鉴定工作,从而最大限度地增加白头鹤的圈养种群数量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Using statistical and genetic analysis methods,we investigated population size,age structure,sex ratio,genetic diversity and inbreeding index of the captive hooded crane(Grus monacha)population in China.We also predicted the population dynamics for a 100-year period.The total of 76 hooded cranes wasmaintained in 15 institutes or zoos in China at the end of 2013.The population included 16 founders and 41 potential founders.The captive population contained a large number of breeding birds but lacked juveniles.The age structure suggested a low reproductive rate.The captive population conserved 92.9%of the genetic diversity of wild populations,and the mean inbreeding index was zero.Although the number of captive hooded cranes grew every year,most were rescued from wild.The number of young produced by thecaptive population did not increase in nearly 10 years.Based on these results,we recommend concentrated feeding of some potential founders in several zoos with good breeding technology.This might solve the key problems in bird pairing and breeding,retain genetic diversity and aid sex identification of mated pairs.These measures might lead to increased numbersinthe captive hooded crane population.更多还原