【摘要】 目的了解2012年广州市企业使用有机溶剂的情况,分析其主要挥发性化学成分和行业分布,为指导日常检测、评价工作以及进行有机溶剂危害控制提供依据。方法收集广州市164家有机溶剂使用企业共491份有机溶剂样品,运用气质联用仪进行挥发性化学成分分析,并对检测数据进行统计分析。结果使用含苯系物溶剂的企业有75.0%,使用含正己烷溶剂的企业有37.2%,使用含苯溶剂的企业有26.8%,使用含1,2-二氯乙烷溶剂的企业有7.9%,使用含N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂的企业有4.9%;检测的491个样品中,苯系物、正己烷、苯、1,2-二氯乙烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的样品检出率分别为56.2%、22.4%、11.6%、2.9%和2.0%。2012年广州市有机溶剂使用企业分布在以皮革箱包制鞋、船舶修造、印刷包装、化工、玻璃宝石加工、IT电子、木质家具等7个行业为主,主要职业病危害因素为苯系物、正已烷、苯、1,2-二氯乙烷,其中,皮革箱包制鞋行业所使用的原辅材料中含有苯、正己烷或1,2-二氯乙烷等高毒成分较多。结论2012年广州市有机溶剂在工业领域应用广泛,含苯溶剂使用行业普遍,需加强1,2-二氯乙烷使用企业的监管。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To understand the usage of organic solvents in Guangzhou enterprises in 2012,analyze the main volatile chemical composition and the distribution of industries,and thus to guide the daily inspection,evaluation work and risk control. Methods A total of 491 samples of organic solvents in 164 enterprises in Guangzhou were collected and were analyzed with gas chromatograph- mass spectrometer. The data were statistically analyzed. Results The enterprises using solvent containing benzene content accounted for 75. 0% of the total,those using n- hexane content accounted for 37. 2%,those using benzene content accounted for26. 8%,those using 1,2- dichloroethane content accounted for 7. 9% and those using N,N- Dimethylformamide content accounted for 4. 9%. Of the 491 samples,the detection rate of benzene series,n- hexane,benzene,1,2 – dichloroethane and N,N- Dimethylformamide were respectively 56. 2%,22. 4%,11. 6%, 2. 9% and 2. 0%. Those enterprises distributed in luggage leather footwear, ship building,printing and packaging,chemical,glass stones processing,IT and wooden furniture industries. The major occupational hazards were benzene series, n- hexane,benzene and 1,2 – dichloroethane. The luggage leather footwear industry contains relatively more benzene,n- hexane and 1,2 – dichloroethane. Conclusion Organic solvents are widely used in industries in Guangzhou,including benzene- containing solvents.Supervision should be strengthened over enterprises using 1,2- dichloroethane.更多还原