【摘要】 针对河北省围场县出现的一次春季霜冻灾害过程,分析冻害发生前后的温度条件及受冻害影响的玉米后期恢复生长情况,找出玉米苗期冻害的温度指标。利用数理统计、对比分析方法分析了本次玉米冻害发生前后的温度条件,结合后期跟踪调查和测定结果,综合分析了苗期玉米冻害对生育期和产量的影响。结果表明:玉米苗期气温骤降,最低气温达-3.3℃,低于0℃的持续时间达4 h,使玉米叶片受冻显著,但其生长点尚未冻死,后期可以缓慢恢复生长,但致使发育期推迟;在升温期中的突然降温对玉米产生不利的冻害影响不可逆转,直接影响中后期玉米的营养生长,严重影响个体产量性状。所以在气候变暖背景下气温异常及其变化对农业生产影响显著,更须加强低温对农业生产不利影响的防范。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on a spring frost disaster process in Weichang County of Hebei Province, the author analyzedthe temperature conditions before and after the frozen disaster and the maize’s growing situations after thefrost damage, and identified the temperature indicator of maize seedling frozen disaster. By using mathematicalstatistics and comparison analysis method, the author analyzed the temperature conditions before and after thefrozen disaster. On the basis of the results of the after-frost survey and determination, the author analyzedsynthetically the effects of growth period and yield after the frozen disaster in maize seedling stage. The resultsshowed that maize growing point had not been frozen to death when the temperature dropped suddenly in maizeseedling stage while the lowest temperature reached-3.3℃, and the duration of temperature lower than 0℃ was 4 hours. The maize can grow slowly after the frost damage, but the development stages were delayed.Temperature decreasing suddenly had an irreversible effect on maize during the temperature rising days. Andthe individual yield trait of maize was affected severely also. Under the global warming conditions, theinfluence of abnormal temperature and its changes on agricultural production is significant, and the preventionof adverse effects of low temperature on agricultural production should be strengthened.更多还原