【摘要】 文章通过文献评述的方式,重新审视农业化学品施用"过量"的现实与农民"经济理性人"的冲突,以期为解决这一冲突提供可能的解释和可能的路径。分析发现:我国农民农业化学品施用既存在过量的现象,也存在施用不足的现象;化肥的增产效应和农药的稳产效应不容忽视,但过量施用化肥和农药会对农业生产产生不利影响;要素替代理论、经济学外部性、风险偏好等都可以在一定程度上解释化肥和农药的过量施用;农户化肥和农药的投入行为受多种因素的影响,包括农户、市场、政府等各方面,结合国外治理化肥和农药过量施用的经验教训,提出一些对我国的启示,指出未来可能的研究方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Through reviewing relevant literature, this paper re-examined the conflict between the excessive input of agricultural chemicals and the economic rational characteristic of the farmers. Although an increasing yield by using fertilizers and pesticides cannot be ignored, the excessive inputs of fertilizers and pesticides would adversely affect agricultural production. The existing theories such as the Factor Substitution Theory,External Theory and Risk Preference Theory can explain the excessive input to some extent, but the input behavior is influenced by many factors, including the farmer, market and government. Summarizing the experiences of controlling the excessive input of fertilizers and pesticides in foreign countries, this paper put forward some suggestions and pointed out possible future research fields.更多还原