【摘要】 目的评价北京市中小学校体育课运动负荷现状,为建立并完善体育课卫生监督方案和指导学校提高体育课运动效果提供依据。方法采用典型抽样的方法,在北京市16个区县共抽取36所小学、36所初中、36所高中的720节体育课,使用运动心率表(POLAR FT4型)、秒表等仪器对每节体育课按学生体育成绩等级抽取的5名健康学生(实际有效样本量3 598名)进行心率、运动时间等内容的现场监测,计算运动强度、运动密度及运动时间各项指标的合格率。结果学生体育课基本部分平均心率合格率为96.38%,最大心率合格率为63.47%。体育课运动密度合格率为40.56%。体育课各部分时间安排均合格的仅有11.11%,其中开始部分时长合格率为44.86%,结束部分时长合格率为47.08%。心率曲线合格的体育课共110节,合格率为15.28%;监测的3 598名学生中,75.79%心率曲线高峰在开始部分和准备部分提前出现,18.15%心率曲线高峰在结束部分后置出现。结论大部分体育课运动强度能够达到基本卫生要求,但运动密度、运动时间等指标合格率较低,不合理的运动安排引起学生生理指标异常变化。应加强对体育课的卫生监测与指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate physical education exercise load status in Beijing primary and secondary schools,and to establish and improve the supervision of physical education program,so as to provide basis for schools to scientifically improve physical education. Methods By using typical sampling method,36 junior high schools and 36 senior high schools from 16 districts or countries in Beijing were selected,720 classes of PE were taken. On-site monitoring( POLAR FT4) and stop watch were used. Five healthy students with different PE level were chosen to calculate the qualified rate indices of exercise intensity,density and movement time. Results The qualified rate of average heart rate in basic parts of PE class was 96. 38%,the qualified rate of maximum heart rate was 63. 47%. The qualified rate of PE class exercise density was 40. 56%. All parts of PE class scheduled qualified was only 11. 11%. Pass rate of the beginning part time was 44. 86%,and the ending part time was 47. 0%. Heart rate curve in 110 PE classes were pass,and the pass rate was 15. 28%. Among the 3 598 monitored students,75. 79% of the students had premature peak of their heart rate curve,and 18. 15% of students had deferred peak of their heart rate curve. Conclusion The majority of PE exercise intensity can meet the basic requirements,but the qualified rates of exercise density,exercise time and other indicators are low,unreasonable exercise arrangement cause the abnormal changes of students ’ physiological indicators,health surveillance and guidance of PE class should be strengthened.更多还原