【摘要】 目的了解深圳青少年学生自杀行为的现状及影响因素,为制定有针对性的干预措施提供依据。方法随机抽取深圳初、高中各2所,采用自杀意念问卷、自杀态度量表、青少年生活事件量表、社会支持量表及中学生应对方式量表对抽取学校的在校一、二年级2 380名学生进行横断面调查,应用结构方程模型初步探讨自杀行为与自杀态度、社会支持、应对方式及性别特征之间的关系。结果深圳青少年学生的自杀意念、自杀计划及自杀尝试报告率分别为35.9%,2.1%和1.1%。模型的主要指标(χ2/df=10.470,GFI=0.908,RMSEA=0.063)显示方程模拟较好。自杀计划对自杀尝试起直接作用(作用大小为0.35),自杀意念、自杀态度、生活事件、社会支持、指向情绪的应对方式、指向问题的应对方式和性别特征对自杀尝试起间接作用(间接作用为0.036)。自杀尝试的危险因素排序为自杀计划(61.21%)>自杀意念(17.41%)>生活事件(6.21%)>指向情绪的应对方式(3.62%)>指向问题的应对方式(2.59%)>性别特征(2.41%);保护因素的排序为社会支持(6.03%)>自杀态度(0.52%)。结论深圳青少年学生自杀计划和自杀意念对自杀尝试的影响作用占近80%,尽早识别青少年学生的自杀风险对于预防自杀的意义重大。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of suicide behaviors among adolescent students in Shenzhen. Methods Two middle schools and two high schools were selected by randomly sampling methods. Through cross-sectional study,all first and second grade adolescent students( totally 2 380) of those schools were investigated by Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation( BSI),Suicide Attitude Questionnaire( QSA),Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List( ASLEC),Social Support Rating Scale( SSRS),and Coping Style Scale for Secondary School Students( CSS). The structural equation model was used to explore the relationships between suicide behaviors and influencing factors. Results The prevalence of suicidal ideation,suicidal plans and suicidal attempts among school students were 35. 9%,2. 1% and 1. 1% respectively. The final structural equation model fit the data well( χ2/ df = 10. 470,GFI = 0. 908,RMSEA = 0. 063). The suicidal plans were directly influencing factor on suicidal attempt,while other factors including suicidal ideation,suicide attitude,life events,social support,coping style refers to the problem,coping style refers to emotion,and gender had indirect impacts. According to the percentages of the contribution,the risk factors were ranked as follows: suicidal plans( 61. 21%),suicidal ideation( 17. 41%),life events( 6. 21%),coping style refers to emotion( 3. 62%),coping style refers to problem( 2. 59%) and gender( 2. 41%). The protective factors were social support( 6.03%) and suicidal attitude( 0. 52%). Conclusion The suicidal plans and suicidal ideation are the most important risk factors of suicidal attempt,accounting for nearly 80%. In order to prevent suicide of adolescent students,the suicidal risks should be identified as soon as possible.更多还原