【摘要】 目的通过比较心理困扰未求助组和主动求助组在心理求助行为"阶段—决策模型"中的差异,分析阻碍医学生寻求心理咨询帮助的原因,为使医学生能够进行心理求助行为提供有效措施。方法用方便整群取样的方法选取某医学院的731名学生,采用大学生人格问卷(University Personality Inventory)以及自编的医学生心理求助行为调查表进行匿名问卷调查,筛出存在心理问题但不愿进行心理咨询的学生15名作为未求助组,另选取该校主动前往学生心理咨询中心进行心理求助学生作为求助组,并分为轻症求助组57名和重症求助组51名。结果在心理问题的知觉阶段,未求助组生理失调影响心理状态的选择率(48.89%)与轻症求助组(29.24%)差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.189,P=0.013)。在自助性评估阶段,未求助组(40.00%)与轻症求助组(21.64%)在心情不好时采取回避的选择率差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.658,P<0.01)。在他助性评估阶段,关于何种情况应进行心理咨询,未求助组(13.33%)比轻症求助组(61.40%)更少的选择"想要探索和完善自己"(χ2=10.984,P<0.01);另外,相对于2个求助组,未求助组更多的选择希望心理咨询师提供"托付和拯救"(χ2轻=10.777,χ2重=4.086,P值均<0.05),更多的选择"不了解心理咨询,不明白如何启步"(χ2轻=33.805,χ2重=8.656,P值均<0.01)。结论心理求助行为是一个复杂的决策过程,有困扰但未求助者与主动求助者相比更倾向于被动、回避、抱有侥幸态度的应对方式,表现出更多与他人的隔离、对他人评判的担忧和介意,以及对心理咨询的不了解和不切实际的期待。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore hindering factors for help-seeking behaviors among medical students by using phase-decision-making model. Methods University Personality Inventory( UPI) and self-developed mental health help-seeking behavior questionnaire was implemented among 731 students in a medical university. Fifteen students were classified as " non help-seeking" group,while 115 students as " help-seeking" group. Help-seeking group was divided into mild symptom group( n = 57) and severe symptom group( n = 51). Differences of help-seeking behavior under phases-decision-making model were analyzed between two groups. Results During the perception phase,there were significant differences of seeking behaviors between the two groups( χ2=6.189,P = 0.013). During self-help assessment phase,differences in avoidant behavior were found between non help-seeking group and mild symptom group( 40.00% vs. 21.64%,χ2= 12.658,P<0.01). During other-help assessment phase,differences in explore and improve oneself behavior were found between non help-seeking group and mild symptom group( 13. 33% vs. 61. 40%,χ2=10.984,P = 0.001). Compared with two help-seeking groups,non help-seeking group expected more entrust and rescue from counselor( 38.33% vs. 18.42%,χ2= 10.777,P = 0.001; 38.33%vs. 25.00%,χ2= 4.086,P = 0.043),having more confuse on mental counseling( 66.67% vs. 1.75%,χ2= 33.805,P<0.01; 66.67% vs. 25.49%,χ2= 8.656,P = 0.003). Conclusion Help-seeking behavior is a complicated decision-making process. Non-help seeking college students are inclined to have more passive,avoidant attitude,and inappropriate opinions and expectations for psychological counseling.更多还原