【摘要】 目的了解2012年广西龙江河镉污染后,柳州市备用水源(非使用市政管网自来水的水源水)的卫生状况,为政府部门制定政策提供科学依据。方法采用现场检查,风险评估调查和抽样检测相结合的方法,对分布在柳州市各城区的97个备用水源的卫生现状进行调查,调查结果数据用Excel录入建库分析。同时随机采集97个备用水源点中的83份水样进行检测。结果本市备用水源饮用水总体合格率为26.8%,与同期市政管网出厂水水质合格率(100%)相比差别有统计学意义(χ2=103.69,P<0.01);自备水井中深层井水质检测合格率明显高于浅层井(χ2=6.75,P<0.01);水源防护好的水源点水质检测合格率明显高于水源防护差的(χ2=6.5,P<0.05);有消毒措施水源点7个,占调查总数的7.22%,有消毒措施水源点水质检测合格率明显高于无消毒措施水源点(χ2=5.4,P<0.05);在水质检测不合格指标中,微生物超标率明显高于理化超标率(χ2=15.47,P<0.01)。结论柳州市可作为备用水源的井水由于卫生管理不善、井深太浅、无消毒措施、卫生防护差的因素,水源水受生物性污染较严重,一旦启用,饮水卫生存在较大健康安全隐患。市政府应组织专家小组对备用水源实施风险评估后进行分类,供城区居民在应急状态下按分类作优先合理使用。政府应重视加大财政投入,加强各相关部门配合,加大对农村饮用水卫生监督执法力度,加强对农村饮用水水质检测工作,提高卫生质量,保障饮用水卫生与安全。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To understand the hygienic status of alternate water source(not tap water) of Liuzhou after the cadmium pollution of Longjiang River in Guangxi in 2012, so as to provide scientific basis for policy making. Methods The work was done by on-site inspection, risk assessment and sampling detection. 97 alternate water sources in the city zone were investigated. The data was collected by Excel for further analysis. In the mean time, 83 random samples were selected from these 97 alternate water sources as study objects. Results The total compliance rate of the water was 26.8%. However, the passing rate of the drinking water from the municipal pipe network in the same period was 100%. There was a statistically significant difference between them(χ2=103.69,P<0.01). The pass rate of deep-well water was significantly higher than that of the shallow wells(χ2=6.75, P<0.01). The pass rate of the water sources in good protect condition was significantly higher than those in poor protect condition(χ2=6.5, P<0.05). Only 7water sources, which accounted for 7.22%, had been disinfected. The pass rates of those which had been disinfected were significantly higher than those had not(χ2=5.4, P<0.05). In the failed test indicators, the exceeding rates of microbial indicators were significantly higher than physicochemical indicators(χ2=15.47, P<0.01). Conclusion The well water, which was used as backup water sources in our city, was seriously polluted by biology due to the poor health management, shallow well depth, no-disinfection measures, poor health protection. There will be health and security risks.更多还原