【摘要】 运动技能学习是内隐与外显协同学习在真实情境下表现较多的领域之一。作为一种行之有效的内隐学习方法,类比学习的研究局限于理论探讨和分离性研究,将类比学习和外显学习结合起来的研究较为鲜见。以初学者为受试,采用双因素实验设计,探讨不同年龄青少年网球初学者学习网球双手反手击球技能时类比学习与外显学习的协同效应。36名大一男生、30名初二男生被分别随机分入先外显学习后类比学习组、先类比学习后外显学习组、类比学习与外显学习交替进行组,评价各组在保持测试和迁移测试中的绩效(动作准确性、动作评分和外显知识数量)。结果表明,不同年龄青少年初学者学习网球技能时,类比学习与外显学习的最佳组合方式不同。对于大学生初学者而言,类比学习与外显学习交替进行组的绩效好于先外显学习后类比学习组和先类比学习后外显学习组;对于初中生初学者而言,先类比学习后外显学习组的绩效好于类比学习与外显学习交替进行组和先外显学习后类比学习组。这启示我们,应根据学习者的不同年龄选用不同的组合方式以获得更好的学习效果。对这一问题的探讨将为提高日常体育教学、运动训练以及全民健身指导的效率提供理论支撑,为内隐与外显的协同学习理论在运动技能学习中的实践性操作提供建设性的指导意见,进一步丰富国内、外运动技能内隐学习领域的研究成果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Motor skill learning is one of the most significant areas with the synergistic effects of Analogy and Explicit Learning in the real situation. As a kindof effective implicit learning method,analogy learning research is restricted to theoretical analysis and separation research,and the combination of them is rel-atively rare. With novices as subjects in this thesis,the synergistic effects of analogy and explicit learning on tennis skills in teenagers of different ages wereexplored in two factors experiment design. Thirty-six freshmen and thirty junior middle school students of grade two were randomly divided into Explicit-Anal-ogy Group,Analogy-Explicit Group,and Alternating Group respectively. Dependent variables were hitting accuracy,hitting gait ratings and the number ofskill rules in the retention and transfer tests. In college freshmen,the performance of Alternating Group was better than that of other two groups. In junior nov-ices,the performance of Analogy-Explicit Group was better than that of other two groups. This suggests that we should choose different combination of analogylearning with explicit learning according to different age of learners in order to obtain better performance. Discussion on this issue will provide theoretical sup-port for improving the daily sports teaching,sports training and fitness guidance efficiency,providing constructive guidance for applying the synergistic learn-ing of implicit and explicit learning into motor skill learning practice and further enrich the domestic and international research results in the field.更多还原