【摘要】 以红富士苹果为试材,采用蜜蜂授粉技术,对同品种异树异花授粉(yy)、同树异花授粉(ty)和不同品种(pz)苹果花粉管生长和果实性状进行比较。结果表明,不同品种(pz)苹果花粉管花柱的比例为78.6%,分别为同品种同树异花和异树异花授粉处理组的1.71倍和1.85倍;自花授粉坐果率为2.85%,与其他3个处理有显著差异,pz,yy和ty3处理坐果率均大于9.0%,三者之间没有显著差异;无异源花粉的ty和yy这2个处理5个心室中有3个心室形成种子,每果有4粒种子。ty,yy处理平均60%的心室形成种子(3个/果);不同品种的苹果经蜜蜂授粉后种子数平均为6粒,有籽心室数为4个,与无异源花粉的ty和yy处理间差异极显著(P<0.01)。pz处理果实的单果质量、硬度、可溶性固形物、固酸比等性状均低于其他2个处理,这可能与授粉品种的性状有关;yy和ty处理之间没有显著差异。可见,红富士苹果自交结实率低,采用蜜蜂授粉,可以提高红富士的产量和品质,达到生产需要,表明红富士苹果对昆虫的依赖程度较高;在有授粉树的情况下,蜜蜂授粉的效果更好。更多还原

【Abstract】 With Red Fuji apples as the test materials, through three different groups, different flowers in different trees of the same variety(yy), different flowers in same trees of the same variety(ty)and different flowers of different varieties(pz), the paper compared the difference of the pollen tube growth and fruit characters. The results showed that the percentage of pollen tube germinated was 78.6%,which was 1.71 times of group ty, 1.85 times of group yy respectively; the fruit-set rate of self-pollination was 2.85%, there were significant differences with the other three groups, the fruit-set rate of these three groups were greater than 9.0%, there was no significant difference among the three groups. The group ty and yy which were without different source of pollen, had three seed locules among five locules, and each fruit had 4 seeds. 60% fruits of group ty and yy had 3 seeds of each fruit. There were 6 seeds and 4 seed locules of fruit on average which was from group pz after bee pollination. There was significant difference with group ty and yy(P<0.01). The index of fruit weight, hardness, total soluble solid, sugar-acid ratio were lower than other two groups, this might be associated with the characters of pollination varieties, there was no significant difference between group yy and ty. In sum, the selfing seed set of Red Fuji was very low,the yield and quality of Red Fuji will be improved by bee pollination, so it can be ensured that Red Fuji has a high degree of dependence on insects, in the case of pollinizers, bee pollination has the better effect, at the same time it also could offer the reference data for apple production.更多还原