【摘要】 启动子是基因表达调控的重要顺式元件,其结构与功能的研究是分子生物学的研究热点之一。对启动子与DNA结合蛋白的研究能从转录水平上阐明基因表达的调控机制,从而为更好地构建基因表达调控网络奠定基础,而且启动子与结合蛋白的研究能够帮助我们寻找新的蛋白质。近年来,启动子的研究方法日益增多,大多是借助于DNA和蛋白质相互作用的特性。本文从原核和真核启动子的基本结构、分类入手,对常用的和改进的几种启动子分析方法进行介绍。如生物信息学分析方法、酵母单杂交(Y1H)技术、瞬时转染法(Transient Transfection)、染色质免疫共沉淀(Ch IP)技术、凝胶阻滞分析(EMSA)试验和DNA足纹(DNase I footprinting)分析法等,从原理、优缺点和最新应用等方面的研究进展进行了综述。对近年来出现的新技术新方法的应用前景作了展望,为启动子的结构与功能研究提供借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Promoter is an important cis-element in the regulation of gene expression. The research on the structure and function of promoter has become a new hotspot in molecular biology. The study on the promoter and DNA binding protein can clarify the mechanism of gene expression on transcriptional level, lay the foundation for the construction of a better regulatory network,in addition,the research can also help us find new proteins. In recent years, more and more research methods for the promoter,most of them by means of properties of interaction between DNA and protein. In this article the basic structure and classification of prokaryotic and eukaryotic promoters was summarized, and the principles, relative merits and some newly utilization of several common and latest improved analytical methods of promoter(i.e. bioinformatics, yeast one-hybrid(Y1H),Transient transfection method(Transient Transfection),Chromatin Immunoprecipitation(Ch IP), Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay(EMSA) and DNA footprinting(DNase I footprinting))were also reviewed. The trend in recent years the application of the new technology and new methods are also discussed, which can provide a reference for the structure and function of promoter.更多还原