【摘要】 以潍坊膨润土矿为原料,经过提纯、除铁、钠化、有机改性制备出性能优良的有机膨润土(OMMT),并确定相应的最佳工艺参数。系统研究并分析反应型、非反应型和复合改性的类型和改性剂用量对蒙脱石d(001)的影响及其插层机理。实验结果表明双十八烷基苄基二甲基溴化铵(D1817)使d(001)达到了3.30 nm,亲油疏水性较好。采用单体插入原位聚合法,制备插层型聚氨酯(PU)/OMMT纳米复合材料,XRD测试表明PU分子链将OMMT的d(001)由3.30 nm扩大到4.20 nm。当OMMT的用量为3%,复合材料的氧指数(OI)提高到25.5%,水平燃烧速率降低到15.03 mm/min,提高了阻燃性能;拉伸强度和撕裂强度分别提高到2.62 MPa和13.00 N/mm,断裂伸长率提高了90.60%。研究表明,OMMT能够同时实现对PU的增强和增韧。更多还原

【Abstract】 Taking bentonite as raw material, the organic montmorillonite(OMMT) with high performance was prepared through purification, deironing, sodium and organic modification, and the optimum parameters were determined. The effects of modifier type of reactive, non-reactive type and composite type, and the dosage of modifying agent on the d(001) of montmorillonite and its intercalation mechanism were studied. The experimental results show that the octadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide(D1817) makes d(001) be 3.30 nm, and the lipophilic hydrophobic property is better. The intercalated polyurethane(PU)/OMMT nanocomposite materials were prepared by using single volume insertion in situ polymerization. XRD test shows d(001) of OMMT expands from 3.30 nm to 4.20 nm. When the amount of OMMT is 3%, the oxygen index(OI) of nanocomposites increases to 25.5% and horizontal burning speed decreases to 15.03 mm/min, and then the flame retardant improves; then the tensile strength and tear strength increase to 2.62 MPa and 13.00 N/mm, and the elongation at break improves about 90.60%. The research shows that OMMT can enhance and strengthen PU simultaneously.更多还原