【摘要】 目的 初步了解中国0~17岁儿童躯体虐待的流行学研究现状,为制定和实施预防儿童虐待策略提供建议。方法 通过对近20年(1992—2012年)的国内外文献进行检索,获取较全面的、有代表性的中国儿童躯体虐待流行病学研究资料,对躯体虐待研究的测量工具、发生率现状及危险因素等进行系统分析。结果 1.测量工具:常用的两种测量工具包括标准化的量表和未经标准化的调查问卷。前者将躯体虐待按照严重程度进行分类,后者设计若干项躯体虐待的具体问题进行调查。2.发生率现状:城市地区儿童遭受躯体虐待的发生率为41.2%~67.3%,农村地区为32.4%~39.4%。不同研究对躯体虐待的测量方法 不一致导致发生率结果 差异较大。3.危险因素:儿童自身的生长发育状况、儿童性别、学习成绩、儿童家长早期经历以及家庭养育方式等是造成儿童遭受躯体虐待的危险因素。结论 儿童躯体虐待在中国是一个较普遍因而不容忽视的问题,需要在调查方法 、测量工具标准化、全国流行现状及对患者、家庭、和社会的影响等方面开展深入研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To recognize the epidemiology research progress on physical abuse among 0-17 year-old children in China,and provide advices and potential solutionsfor child maltreatment prevention policies.Methods Domestic and intemationalliteratures about child physical abuse from 1992 to 2012 were searched to collect comprehensive valuable and representative data in China.Measuring instruments,current prevalence and risk factors of child physical abuse were analyzed.Results 1.Measuring instruments:Two types of measuring instruments were used in the reviewed studies,including standardized abuse scales and un-standardized questionnaires.The former objectivelyassessed the severity of physical abuse and the latter collected subject information relevant to abuse behaviors.2.Physical abuse prevalence:Incidences of physical abuse are 41.2%to 67.3%in urban areas and 32.4%to 39.4%in rural areas.3.Risk factors:The child health status and development characteristics,child gender,school performance,parent’s childhood experience and family foster pattern were identified to be potential risk factors for physical abuse.Conclusion Child physical abuse in China is common and thus cannot be neglected.Epidemiological studies across the whole nation are needed to definite child physical abuse,survey prevalence,establish survey instruments,and assess the impact on children,family,and society.更多还原