【摘要】 中国自实施退耕还林生态补偿政策以来,执行分长江南北两种不同的补偿政策,生态补偿并未考虑退耕还林微观地理区位及造林质量的差异。"一刀切"虽具有统一简化的优点,却忽视了实际存在的造林质量及林地地形、土壤、气候等诸多因素,补偿标准不尽合理。该文为了探讨退耕还林补偿金的合理标准,以张家口地区为研究区,应用遥感(RS)、地理信息系统(GIS)等数据,建立了退耕还林生态补偿体系。结果表明:张家口地区各区县中,单位面积退耕还林补偿系数最高的是尚义县(0.082),退耕还林补偿系数最低是怀来县(0.036),各县单位面积退耕还林补偿系数的差距较大。该文结果为生态补偿金的科学、合理分配提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the implementation of ecological compensation policy in China, micro difference of geographic location does not been considered basically, but the implementation of the "sweeping approach" national compensation policy is divided into north and south of the Yangtze River. In practical application, although it has the advantages of unified standard, it ignores the actual existence of many realistic factors, such as terrain, soil, climate in forest land. The gap between compensation and woodland fine operation and management is very big. The objective of this paper was to solve the problem of ecological compensation standard in different regions. Taking compensation configuration of the Sloping Land Conversion Program in Zhangjiakou area as the research object, remote sensing(RS), geographic information system(GIS) and other space technologies were applied, the method of qualitative and quantitative analysis was adopted, the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) was used to determine the factors affecting ecological compensation weight, and the space allocation model of ecological compensation was established in this research. The results showed that: 1) The AHP method and the spatial analysis technology of RS and GIS were integrated. The AHP was good at multi-factor comprehensive evaluation, and in the application process, the GIS software showed a greater advantage on the data expression space, the digital and graphics integration as a whole, and the data processing, analysis and management functions, which could objectively reflect the specific situation of the region. Overall, the method in this research provides a new way for the calculation of the ecological compensation standard of farmland. 2) Among affecting factors of ecological restoration compensation in the study area, the weights of natural factors, social factors, economic factors were 0.5279, 0.3325 and 0.1396, respectively. 3) Based on the total sum of annual payment for ecosystem services(PES) from the Sloping Land Conversion Program in Zhangjiakou City, taking the districts as the main areas of the distribution, the value of PES for every district and county allocated by using the space allocation model was the most in Shangyi county, and the least in Huailai county. The PES that farmers in Shangyi county received was 0.082 per hectare on average; the PES that farmers in Huailai county received was 0.036 per hectare. This was in accordance with the principle of fairness. 4) Compared with the original uniform standards for different counties, the highest amount of compensation increased by 308 yuan/hm2, in Huailai county, the least amount of compensation reduced by 623 yuan/hm2 in Shangyi county, and the highest amount of compensation was 2.28 times the minimum amount. This not only solved the problem of the previous unified compensation standards, but also followed the principle of ecological contribution priority and social justice. This paper concludes combining the hierarchical analysis method and the spatial analysis method of RS and GIS technology provides a new idea for eco-compensation of the Sloping Land Conversion Program. The accurate purpose for Sloping Land Conversion Program is realized by space allocation model for compensation. Space allocation model for compensation is a technical method to explore the scientific, reasonable, optimizational ecology compensation. Spatial distributional model of PES based on GIS and RS can solve the "sweeping approach" phenomenon basically.更多还原