【摘要】 为研究不同施肥配比对切花菊‘优香’营养吸收和品质的影响,筛选出其品质达到最优的施肥配比,以切花菊‘优香’为试材,设置了5种有机-无机施肥配比,分别为农户常规、企业常规、企业常规减量、氨基酸施肥1和氨基酸施肥2,测定比较植株营养和品质相关指标。结果表明:施用氨基酸肥料能够促进切花菊营养吸收及品质优化,其中氨基酸处理1效果显著。在营养吸收方面,促进采前植株干物质积累,达15.1g/株,前期促进植株对氮的吸收,后期促进对磷和钾的吸收,氮、磷和钾含量在采前达258.9、27.0和473.3mg/株;在品质方面,能提使花芽分化完成时间提早2~5d;提高采收时花枝株高、茎粗和花序直径,分别达到127.4cm、6.3 mm和22.6 mm,增加70cm长的切花鲜重至56.7g,达到优级出口标准;延长采后瓶插寿命2~5d,达17d,减缓花朵前期开放速度和叶片衰老程度。因此建议在适量施入基肥与追施无机复合肥的基础上,增施氨基酸肥料。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study was aimed to acquire an optimal fertilization ration for Chrysanthemummorifollum ‘Yuka’and to provide a reference for rational fertilization.The effect of different combinations of fertilizer on the quality and nutrients uptake of Chrysanthemum morifollum ‘Yuka’was studied.Five Different combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers were named as farmer fertilization,company fertilization,company fertilization reduction,amino acid fertilization1 and amino acid fertilization 2.The recorded indicators included nutrition and quality of plant.The results indicated that amino acid fertilizer improved nutrient uptake and quality of the plant.Amino acid fertilization 1had a significant effect on the chrysanthemum.The dry matter of cut chrysanthemum reached to 15.1g/plant before harvest.The uptake of nitrogen was significantly improved at early growth stage,and the uptake of both phosphorus and potassium were significantly accelerated at both later stage and before harvest.The contents of NPK reached to 258.9,27.0and 473.3mg/plant,respectively.The amino acid fertilization 1shortened the process of bud differentiation by about 2-5dand improved the comprehensive quality of harvest.Plant height,stem diameter and inflorescence diameter reached to 127.4cm,6.3mm and 22.6mm,respectively.The fresh weight of 70 cm high flower increased up to 56.7g which is the best quality forexport.The vase life was 17 dwhich prolonged by 2-5din other creatments,showing a slow speed of flower opening process at early stage and fresh maintenance of the leaves and blooms.It can be thus recommended to use the combined base fertilizer and top dressing of inorganic compound fertilizer with amino acid fertilizer.更多还原