【摘要】 目的了解万州地区无偿献血者血液传染病情况,为无偿献血招募方式和招募策略提供科学依据,从而达到减少血液报废,保护血液资源,提高血液安全性的目的。方法收集2008~2013年万州地区无偿献血者相关数据。献血前乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)采用胶体金测试条进行筛查,丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)采用干式化学法筛查。献血后ALT采用速率法进行检测,测定值小于或等于40U判为合格。自2013年8月起,以男性ALT≤50U和女性ALT≤40U判为合格标准。HBsAg、丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗-HCV)、梅毒螺旋体抗体(抗-TP)和艾滋病病毒抗体(抗-HIV)采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测。结果无偿献血者共259 004人次,其血液感染性指标检测总不合格率为5.96%。各检测项目不合格率从高到低依次为ALT、抗-TP、HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV。团体招募预约采血方式血液感染性指标检测不合格率(6.14%)高于街头采血不合格率(5.43%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);技术人员、公务员、个体血液感染性指标检测不合格率分别为8.69%、7.49%、7.05%,均高于学生、军人、医务人员、农民血液感染性指标检测不合格率(2.69%、4.24%、5.48%、5.55%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);文盲、研究生、高中、初中、小学文化程度者血液感染性指标检测不合格率分别为8.89%、6.70%、6.22%、6.11%、6.05%,均高于中专、本科、大专文化程度者血液感染性指标检测不合格率(5.65%、5.71%、5.93%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论进一步提高ALT和HBsAg筛查的准确性,增加献血前抗-TP筛查,将有利于减少血液报废和保护血液资源。巩固和发展大学生与医务人员献血,大力宣传、动员和发展农民献血。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To understand the infectious diseases situation among the volunteer blood donors in Wanzhou district so as to provide a scientific basis for the blood donation recruitment methods and the recruitment strategies,thus to reach the goal for decreasing the blood scrap,protecting the blood resources and improvig the blood safety.Methods The related data from the volunteer blood donors in Wanzhou district during 2008 to 2013were collected.Before blood donation,HBsAg was screened by adopting the golden gel testing strip,ALT was screened by using the dry chemical method.After blood donation,ALT was detected by using the rate method,with the measured value≤ 40 units as being qualified;since August 2013,with ALT ≤ 50 units for male and ALT≤ 40 units for female as the qualified standards.HBsAg,anti-HCV antibody,anti-syphilis antibody(anti-TP)and anti-HIV antibody were detected by ELISA.Results The volunteer blood donors totaled 259 004person-times,the total unqualified rate of the blood infectious indexes detection was 5.96%.The unqualified rates of each detection item inturn were ALT>anti-TP> HBsAg> anti-HCV> anti-HIV.The unqualified rate of the blood infectious indexes detection for the groups recruitment appointment blood collecting way was 6.41%,which was higher than 5.43%for the streets blood collecting,the difference had statistical significance(P<0.05);the unqualified rates of the blood infectious indexes detection for the technical personnel,civil servants and individual category were 8.69%,7.49% and 7.05% respectively,which were higher than 2.69%,4.24%,5.48% and 5.55% for the students,soldiers,medical personnel and farmers respectively,the differences had statistical significance(P<0.05);the unqualified rates of the blood infectious indexes detection for the illiterates,postgraduates,persons with high school,middle school and elementary education level were 8.89%,6.70%,6.22%,6.11%and 6.05%,which were higher than 5.65%,5.71%and 5.93%for the persons with secondary school,undergraduate and college education levels respectively,the difference had statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion Further improving the accuracy of ALT and HBsAg screening and increasing pre-donation screening for syphilis-TP will conduce to reduce the blood scrap and protect the blood resources.Consolidating and developing blood donation of college students and medical personnel,vigorously advocating,mobilizing and developing blood donation of peasants will be the future direction of blood resource recruitment strategy.更多还原