【摘要】 为探讨主要营养素源组合对暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu obscures)(172.87g±6.71g)生长、消化吸收和水环境的影响和效应,作者采用3×2×2三因素设计,蛋白质水平—43%、40%、37%,分别以P43、P40、P37表示,脂肪水平——10%、7%,分别以L10、L7表示;蛋白源鱼粉水平——高鱼粉(49%~55%)、低鱼粉(39%~45%),分别以FH、FL表示,形成12种试验处理组(1#-12#)饲粮。试验期77 d。结果表明:1#(P43L10FH)、9#(P40L10FL)增质量率和饲料系数最优,显著或明显优于较好的3#(P40L10FH)、11#(P37L10FL)和7#(P43L10FL),9#饲料系数较3#显著降低28.3%;低鱼粉组(9#、11#、7#)显著提高胰蛋白酶和肠脂肪酶活性,9#其活性较1#分别显著提高21.09%、14.39%;高脂肪极显著提高吸收酶活力(P<0.01),且具有增强多数消化酶活力的趋势;高鱼粉组和低鱼粉高蛋白组的氨氮、亚硝酸氮、磷酸盐相对浓度变化呈现普遍高于其他低鱼粉组的趋势或特征,以11#、9#、7#、1#相对较低,11#、9#氨氮浓度较3#分别显著降低73.97%、58.75%;9#、11#、1#亚硝酸氮、磷酸盐浓度不同程度极显著降低(P<0.01);高脂肪有降低磷酸盐和COD的趋势。总之,本研究值得关注的新发现是:低鱼粉组9#、11#、7#饲粮分别显著或明显提高生长、消化性能,并显著改善水生态环境,营养素源组合正效应突出,不仅节约鱼粉资源,且饲粮组成更经济,具有重要理论和应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 A 3 × 2 × 2 three-factor experiment was designed to investigate the effects of the main nutritional elements and source combinations on the growth, digestion, and absorption in the obscure puffer(Takifugu obscures). Trial fish(172.87 g ± 6.71 g) were fed 12 different kinds of diets(1#–12#) in a factorial design which included three protein levels of 43%(P43), 40%(P40), and 37%(P37); two lipid levels of 10%(L10) and 7%(L7); and two fish meal levels of high fish meal [49%–55%(FH)] and low fish meal [39%–45%(FL)], over a 77 day period. The results showed that diets 1#(P43L10FH) and 9#(P40L10FL) exhibited the best weight gain and feed conversion rates compared with the better diets 3#(P40L10FH), 11#(P37L10FL), and 7#(P43L10FL). The feed conversion rate of diet 9# significantly decreased by 28.3% compared with diet 3#. The activities of trypsin and intestinal lipase significantly enhanced the FL diets(9#, 11#, and 7#), the two indicators of diet 9# significantly improved by 21.09% and 14.39%, higher than that of diet 1#. A high lipid content could significantly improve the absorption of enzymes and this trend was demonstrated. The concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and phosphate in FH and FL diets containing high protein levels were higher than in the other FL diets 11#, 9#, 7#, and 1#. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen in diets 11# and 9# were lower by 73.97% and 58.75%, respectively, compared with diet 3#. The concentrations of nitrite nitrogen and phosphate in diets 9#, 11#, and 1# all decreased significantly. A high lipid level tended to induce the concentrations of both phosphate and COD. In conclusion, diets 9#, 11#, and 7# with FL significantly or obviously improved the growth, digestion and absorption in T. obscure. It is noteworthy that the treatments above not only saved the fish meal source but also reduced the feed costs, providing valuable references in theory and practice.更多还原