【摘要】 为了解海下爆破活动对海洋生态环境及海洋生物的影响,实验跟踪监测和分析了青岛港前湾港区海下爆破工程对海洋生态环境和海洋生物的影响。结果表明:短时间内(<5 h),基岩爆破对周围海域的盐度、pH值、溶解氧及化学需氧量等影响较小,对悬浮物影响较大。同时对海水中无机氮及重金属有不同程度的影响。爆破炸药量与海洋生物的受损程度呈正相关关系。随着爆破炸药量的增加,生物受损程度和效应半径逐渐加大。相同参数爆破对不同经济生物的影响效应也不同,鱼类受损程度和效应半径最大,其影响程度由大到小依次为:黑鲪幼鱼>黑鲪成鱼>鲈鱼>鰕虎鱼>蟹类>贝类。此外,震源距离与生物损害程度呈负相关关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study, the responses of the marine ecological environment and marine organisms to underwater explosion were traced and monitored during the construction of the Qingdao Qianwan Port, so as to learn more about the impact generated by underwater explosion. Results showed that the representative parameters of the nearby seawater, including salinity, p H, dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand(COD), have less obvious variations in short term(<5 h). On the contrary, remarkable impact has been detected on suspended particles.Meanwhile, the concentrations of inorganic nitrogen and heavy metals in seawater were affected in different extents. It is concluded that a positive correlation exists between the quantity of explosion powder and the damage level of marine organisms around the explosion center. The damages and effective radius expand with increasing usage of explosion powder. Besides, with the same explosion parameters, the responses to the underwater explosion differ variously among different kinds of economic organisms. Sea fishes are the most prone to be damaged with the largest effective radius, and the sequence of damage degree is as follows: juvenile black jun > adult black jun > bass > gobies > crab > shellfish. What is more, the biological damage level is negatively correlated with the distance to the explosion center.更多还原