With the excessive development and rapid consumption of the conventional oil and gas resources,highly efficient exploitation of the heavy oil and other low grade oil and gas resources attract more and more attention.The high viscosity and poor liquidity of heavy oil make it very difficult in oil extraction.Therefore,the key point of extraction of the heavy oils is to decrease viscosity and increase liquidity.It was first reported in 1982 by HYNE that some metals could behave as effective catalysts in hydrot...