【摘要】 采用自制的气力碰撞组合授粉试验装置,以杂交水稻花粉的有效分布面积比率、平均分布密度、分布不均匀度为评价指标,对影响授粉均匀性的因素(气流速度、喷气管道放置相对位置、喷孔中心距、气流作用角度、喷孔直径)进行5因素4水平正交试验,考察各因素对授粉均匀性的影响,对试验结果进行极差分析、方差分析和多指标矩阵分析。结果表明,5个因素主次排序及较优水平依次为气流速度6 m/s,喷气管道放置相对位置高于碰杆10 cm,喷孔中心距25 mm,气流作用角度倾斜向上20°,喷孔直径8 mm。组合授粉较单一授粉方式的花粉有效分布面积率明显提高,花粉分布不均匀度显著下降,花粉空间传播性能更好。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pollination is an important part during hybrid rice seed production. Uniform and sufficient pollination has significant meaning for improving seed setting rate and seed production. To study the effect of pollen distribution bypneumatic and collision combined pollinationon hybrid rice breeding, a pneumatic and collision combined pollination test apparatus was designed by introducingthe air waft mechanismto the collision pollinationtest device. By using the jet pipe placed relative percentage, airflow velocity of nozzle, airflow tilt angle, nozzle diameter, nozzle hole center distance as influence factors, five factors and four levels of multi-factor orthogonal experiment were performed to validate the effect of various factors on pollination uniformity. Using effective distribution area ratio, mean density and non-uniform degree of pollen distribution as three evaluation indexs, analyzing the test results by range analysis, variance analysis and matrix analysis. The order of the five influence factors is airflow speed, relative position of jet pipe placed, center distanceof nozzle hole, airflow inclined angle, nozzle hole diameter, respectively. The optimal combination of the factors forpneumatic and collision combined pollination in hybrid rice breeding areairflow speed of 6 m/s, jet pipe placed above collision rod of 10 cm, nozzle hole’ center distance of 25 mm, airflow inclined angle up to 20°, and nozzle hole diameter of 8 mm. Compared with single pneumatic pollination and single collision pollination, the combined pollination obviously improve the effective distribution area ratio of the pollens as well as a significant reduction in the degree of uneven distribution of pollen and the better propagation characteristics of pollens.更多还原