【摘要】 以从盐湖卤水中提取的RbCl为原料,利用原位法和浸渍法制备了含铷的固体超强碱Rb₂O/γ-Al₂O₃.以蔗糖为模板剂,以Rb₂CO₃及Al（NO₃）₃为反应物,原位法制备了Rb₂O/γ-Al₂O₃.同时以蔗糖为模板剂,先分别以Al（NO₃）₃和异丙醇铝（Al[CH（CH₃）₂]₃）为铝源制备了介孔γ-Al₂O₃,再通过浸渍RbNO₃溶液,制备了一系列的负载型Rb₂O/γ-Al₂O₃.通过优化制备条件,两种方法制备的Rb₂O/γ-Al₂O₃的碱强度均可达26.5以上,即为超强碱.把制备的超强碱Rb₂O/γ-Al₂O₃用于三醋酸甘油酯和甲醇为模型反应物模拟生物柴油制备过程中的催化酯交换反应.得到了最佳的催化反应条件:原料醇酯比8∶1,反应温度338K,反应时间4h,催化剂用量w三醋酸甘油酯=6.0%,在此工艺条件下乙酸甲酯产率达98%以上.更多还原

【Abstract】 Solid superbases Rb₂O/γ-Al₂O₃ were prepared from rubidium salts separated from salt brine.Sucrose was used as the template,Rb₂CO₃（prepared from RbCl）and Al（NO₃）₃ as the raw materials,we prepared Rb₂O/γ-Al₂O₃ successfully by using in-situ method.In impregnation method,we first used sucrose as the template,Al（NO₃）₃ and Al[CH（CH₃）₂]₃ as aluminum sources,respectively to prepareγ-Al₂O₃,and then a series of Rb₂O/γ-Al₂O₃ with different rubidium contents through the impregnation of RbNO₃（prepared from RbCl）.The base strength of Rb₂O/γ-Al₂O₃ both can reach 26.5or more,belonging to superbase prepared through the two methods by controlling the conditions.The prepared Rb₂O/γ-Al₂O₃ solid superbases were used to simulate interesterification in the process of producing biodiesel by catalyzing triglycerides acetate and methanol.The optimum reaction conditions were as follows:the ratio of alcohol to ester was 8∶1,the reaction temperature was 338 K,the reaction time was 4h,and the amount of catalyst is 6.0% of the weight of ester.Under those conditions,the productivity of methyl acetate was up to 98%.更多还原