【摘要】 法国启蒙运动中狄德罗编纂《百科全书》,完善并实现了培根开创的人类知识统一理想,在打通思行界限、植根事物与实验的自然哲学基础上,实用经验领域的手工艺(机械艺术)首次与科学、艺术平等地纳入《百科全书》,并成为其中最重要的部分.由此建构的工艺学缘,呈现了日常经验理性化、注重历史与批判传统的工艺图景,以及适用于既存技术认知与传承的观念和方法,存续法国由工业革命前传统手工艺到现代技术的连贯文脉.在传统工艺向机器工业的转折点上,狄德罗通过《百科全书》为传统工艺提供了一条可能的合理出路.更多还原

【Abstract】 The idea of unified comprehensive knowledge conceived by Francis Bacon was developed by Denis Diderot managing the compilation of Encyclopedia during the Enlightenment period.Based on natural philosophy rooted in general objects and empirical priority,Diderot threw light on mechanical art,equal to science and art,and made investigation systematically first time for Encyclopedia.Diderot engaged himself in the cultural business of transferring mechanical art into rational knowledge and constructing ajustice status for craftsmanship.What the Encyclopedia manifests an enlightened landscape for traditional craft of France lies in its‘ method and conception to preserved technique,which is characteristic of historical context and criticizing stubborn traits accumulated in a closed space of ignorance and prejudice.At the eve of machine industry,Diderot and his Encyclopedia lead a rational approach to the transformation and conscious fate-option of traditional craftsmanship,which is really rare in other civilizations.更多还原