【摘要】 目的了解新疆地区常见细菌的临床分布特征及耐药状况,为临床合理应用抗菌药物提供依据。方法收集2012~2013年新疆医科大学第一附属医院临床分离的常见菌株,采用临床实验室标准化协会(CLSI)推荐的纸片扩散法(K-B法)对临床分离株进行药敏试验。结果共收集到18374株细菌,其中革兰阴性菌13323株,革兰阳性菌5051株。排名前5位的病原菌分别是大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鲍曼不动杆菌及铜绿假单胞菌。分离的菌株主要来自痰液,占36.1%。大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌产超广谱β内酰胺酶(ESBLs)菌株的检出率分别为48.4%和41.7%;铜绿假单胞菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药率在10%~20%之间;耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)占所有金黄色葡萄球菌的44.7%,未发现对万古霉素、替考拉宁及利奈唑胺耐药的葡萄球菌。结论该地区临床分离菌以革兰阴性菌居多,主要来自呼吸道及泌尿生殖道标本,且耐药形势严峻,应加强耐药菌监测,倡导合理使用抗菌药物。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of common pathogens in Xinjiang,aare so as to provide references for reasonable use of antibiotics.Methods The strains of common pathogens isolated from patients in the First Teaching Hospital of Xingjiang Medical University from 2012 to 2013were collected,and the drug susceptibility testing were performed by K-B methods recommended by CLSI.Results Totally 18 374 strains were isolated,among them 13 323 strains were gram negative and 5 051 strains were gram positive.Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Staphylococcus aureus,Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa occupied the top 5.Most of strains were isolated from sputum(accounted for 36.1%).Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed high resistance rate to cefazolin sodium,cefotaxime and quinolones.The detection rate of ESBLs producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 48.4%and 41.7%,respectively.The resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to commonly used antibiotics was 10.0%~20.0%.Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)accounted for 44.7%of all Staphylococcus aureus,and no strains of Staphylococcus resistant to vancomycin,teicoplanin and Linezolid were found.Conclusion Gram negative bacteria are the most common strains isolated from clinical in this area,and strains are mainly isolated from samples of respiratory tract and genitourinary tract,and the situation of drug resistance is severe,which indicate the clinicians should strengthen the monitoring of drug-resistant bacteria and promote rational use of antimicrobial agents.更多还原