【摘要】 以玉米淀粉为主要原料,采用机械化学改性法,通过正交实验考察了活化剂氢氧化钠（Na OH）的用量ω₁、活化时间t₁、酯化剂三氯氧磷（POCl₃）的用量ω₂、醚化剂一氯乙酸钠（Cl CH₂COONa）的用量ω₃、反应时间t₂对淀粉改性效果的影响。将定量变性淀粉加入到陶瓷坯体中,通过测量坯体的抗折强度进行评价,采用FT-IR对变性淀粉的结构进行分析,利用SEM对坯体断面形貌进行表征。研究表明:淀粉改性效果的影响因素为:活化剂用量>酯化剂用量>醚化剂用量>活化时间>反应时间;当ω₁=20%,ω₂=ω₃=8%,t₁=4 h,t₂=3 h时,制备出的复合变性淀粉对陶瓷坯体的增强效果最好,坯体强度提升率达65.4%,削减坯料黑泥用量的50%,坯体强度仍可提升8.2%;红外光谱在1150.7 cm^-1处出现不对称C-O-C伸缩振动吸收峰,在1000.9 cm^-1处出现P-O-C伸缩振动吸收峰,表明淀粉分子被成功改性;扫描电镜观察到添加复合变性淀粉的坯体断面出现较多尖锐棱角,表明淀粉分子链起到了连接坯体颗粒的作用,有效地提升了坯体强度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Using corn starch as main raw material,the influence of the dosage of activation agent（ Na OH,ω₁）,activation time（ t₁）,the dosage of esterification agent（ POCl₃,ω₂）,the dosage of etherification agent（ Cl CH₂ COONa,ω₃）,reaction time（ t₂） on the modification effects of starch has been respectively studied by means of the mechanochemical modification process through the orthogonal experiment.Quantitative modified starch has been added into a green body powder,and evaluations of rupture strength of the green compacts have been made. FT-IR has been used to characterize the molecular structure of modified starch,and SEM has been used to observe the morphology of fracture surface of green compacts. The study shows that the influence of the factors on modified effect on starch are as follows,the dosage of activation agent > the dosage of esterification agent > the dosage of etherification agent > activation time > reaction time. When ω₁= 20%,ω₂= ω₃= 8%,t₁= 4 h,t₂= 3 h,the composite modified starch makes the rupture strength of green compacts to reach the highest,theenhancement rate of rupture strength of green compact can reach up to 65. 4%,and it can still enhance up to 8. 2% even if the amount of the black clay cut to 50%. Infrared spectra appeared asymmetric C-OC stretch vibration absorption peak at 1150. 7 cm^-1,and P-O-C stretch vibration absorption peak at1000. 9 cm^-1,which means that corn starch molecules has been successfully modified. SEM shows that the fracture surface of green body added composite modified starch has more sharp edges and corners,which means that the starch molecules play a role of connecting the ceramic particles,and effectively improving the body strength.更多还原