【摘要】 乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川是我国监测时间最长、资料最为完备的一条冰川。1962年以来,采用5种观测方法共开展过9次地形图测量和3次乌鲁木齐河源区的航空摄影测量。通过对乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川已有观测数据的分析,结合2012年最新观测资料对该冰川近50 a的变化特征进行了深入研究。结果发现,乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川1962年和1980年的面积数据存在偏差。对原始测图重新数字化后,得到1962年和1980年该冰川面积分别为1.91 km2和1.86 km2。2012年采用GPS-RTK测量技术,对乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川进行详细的地形测绘和末端变化观测,结果显示,冰川面积为1.59 km2,其中东支和西支面积分别为1.02 km2和0.57 km2。近50 a来,该冰川退缩率为16.8%。冰川整体处于消融状态,但冰面消融程度存在显著差异。冰面坡度10°区域消融最为强烈。东支南北坡退缩普遍较强,西支北坡退缩快,东北坡面积有所增加,消融速度加快主要受气温和地形共同影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the context of global warming,cryosphere is the impact on the climate system,the Urumqi Glacier No. 1( referred to as the Glacier No. 1),Cryosphere is the core of the climate system more spheres of interaction,has the longest glacier monitoring. Cryosphere processes and the response mechanism of climate change research is the focus of future cryosphere research. Cryosphere process monitoring of the different types of glaciers,associated with climate change by glacier dynamics model,analyzing the quantitative relationship between the glacier change and climate change is a part of the cryosphere research. Since 1962,it has been carried out using five kinds of methods and nine times of topographic map surveying and three times of aerial photogrammetry in Urumqi Glacier No. 1. Combined with previous studies,we have found that the presence of the Glacier No. 1 in 1962 and 1980 the area were 1. 86 km2 and 1. 91 km2 after original digitized. The GPS-RTK data in 2012 was used for the Glacier No.1 measurement and a detailed topographic mapping,the results showed that area of Glacier No. 1 was 1. 59 km2,with east and west branch area was 1. 02 km2 and 0. 57 km2,respectively. The glacier area for nearly 50 years substantially reduced,withdrawal rate of 16. 8%. Analysis of the relationship between Glacier No. 1 area variation with elevation,aspect,slope,and found Glacier No. 1 overall were shrinking,and shrinking speed were different;strong ablation slope at around 10°,and surface absorbed solar radiation the amount is more than 2 times the horizontal plane. The north-south slope of east branch generally has a strong retreat trend,and the north slope of west branch shrink fast,as a whole,east branch retreat faster than the west branch; and mainly by the combined effect of temperature and terrain.更多还原