【摘要】 为了探讨青海云杉林对土壤p H和养分的影响,选择祁连山青海云杉林动态监测样地(340 m×300 m)为试验样地采集土样,利用经典统计学和地统计学方法对其空间异质性进行了研究。结果表明:(1)p H、水解氮和全磷为弱变异性,有机碳、全氮、速效磷、全钾和速效钾为中等变异性,它们的大小依次为速效钾>有机碳>速效磷>全氮>全钾>水解氮>全磷>p H。(2)半方差最优模型拟合分析表明,p H、全氮、水解氮、全磷、速效磷和速效钾均符合球状模型,有机碳和全钾均符合指数模型;p H、有机碳、全氮、水解氮、全磷、速效磷、全钾和速效钾的变程依次为108.8 m、88.5 m、112.8 m、131.9 m、143.3 m、73.3 m、73.3 m和134.7 m。从空间结构特征看,p H具有中等强度的空间自相关,而养分表现出强烈的空间自相关。(3)p H和养分均呈斑块状分布,有机碳和氮素具有相似的空间分布格局,全磷和速效钾分布变化较为明显,速效磷和全钾分布变化较为平缓。上述研究结果可为祁连山青海云杉林土壤p H和养分的取样设计和空间分布图制作等提供参考,也可为青海云杉林的土壤环境恢复与重建提供科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to discuss the impact of Picea crassifolia forest on the soil p H and nutriments,the experimental places were selected in a dynamical monitoring sample plot(340 m × 300 m)of Picea crassifolia forest in Dayekou Basin of the Qilian Mountains. The soil sampling was collected based on grid(20 m×20 m)method in August 2012. By using the method of classical statistics coupled with geostatistical techniques such as semivariogram,kriging interpolation,and spatial distribution maps,the spatial heterogeneity of soil p H and nutrients were studied in this paper. The experimental results showed as follows:Soil p H,hydrolyze nitrogen and total phosphorus showed small variation; soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,total potassium and available potassium showed moderate variation;and the variation intensity of soil p H and nutrients showed: available potassium(29.68%)>organic carbon(19.81%)> available phosphorus(19.37%)> total nitrogen(18.08%)> total potassium(15.58%)> hydrolyze nitrogen(8.18%)> total phosphorus(6.77%)> p H(2.52%). Parameters of theoretical variogram models showed that soil p H,total nitrogen,hydrolyze nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus and available potassium all fitted spherical model,while organic carbon and total potassium can be best described by exponential model;variation of soil p H,organic carbon,total nitrogen,hydrolyze nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,total potassium and available potassium are 108.8 m,88.5 m,112.8 m,131.9m,143.3 m,73.3 m,73.3 m and 134.71 m,respectively. In terms of spatial structure,soil p H showed moderate spatial autocorrelation,this was resulted from both soil structural factors and random factors,and soil nutrients showed high spatial autocorrelation,which was greatly affected by structural factors. Soil p H and nutrients presented patch distribution. Distribution of p H showed that soil is mainly alkaline; organic carbon and nitrogen has similar spatial distribution pattern; soil total phosphorus and available potassium distribution changes are more obvious; changes of available phosphorus and total potassium contents are relatively moderate. The study results can provide not only references for sampling design and spatial distribution of soil p H and nutrients of Picea crassifolia forest in Qilian Mountains,but also a scientific basis for soil environment recovery and reconstruction of Picea crassifolia forest.更多还原